“特殊疑问词-动词不定式”的用法归纳
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2021年01月31日 23:28
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“
特殊疑问词＋动词不定式
”
的用法归纳
一．
由两部分构成：
疑问词和动词不定式
（
wh-+to do
）
。
疑问词部分包括疑问
代词
who, whom, what, which
和
whose
以及疑问副词
when,
where
和
how
。
此
外，连接词
“wheth er”
也适用
.
它
主要具有以下几种功能：
⑴当主语，如：
● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
● Where to live is a problem.
⑵当宾语，常接在
forget, find out, discuss, decide, tell, teach, know, learn, wonder,
remember
等动词之后作宾语如：
● We must know what to say at a meeting.
● He could not tell whom to trust.
● Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶当表语，如：
● The problem is where to find the
financial aid.
● The question is who to elect.
⑷当名词同位语，如：
● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
● The question whether to confess troubled the girl.
⑸用于宾语补足语
,
双重宾语。某些动词后可接
“sb.+
疑问词
+
不定式
”
构成的双重宾语，这类
动词常用的有
advise, ask, show, teach, tell
等如：
● I can
tell you where to get this book.
● I ask her how to learn English.
● He will advise you what to do.
● Will you show me how to use the machine?
(6)
作介词宾语：
某些介词后面可接
疑问词＋不定式
作宾语，
这类介词常用的有
about, as, from, in, of, on,
with
等。例如：
He has no idea of how to answer this question.
他不知道怎样回答这个问题。
Della had only $$1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.
德拉仅有
$$1.87
为来吉姆买一件礼物。
(which
是关系代词
)
You have a number of topics from which to choose.
你有很多题目可以选择。
(which
是关系代
词
)
二< br>“
特殊疑问词＋动词不定式
”
这种结构可以把复合句转为简单句。
如：
I don’t know what I’ll do next. = I don’t know what to do next.
The doctor told him when he should take the medicine. = The doctor told him when to take
the medicine.
同样，因为
“
特殊疑问词＋动词不定式
”< br>这种结构相当于一个名词性从句，所以可用同等成分的
从句代替，从而把简单句转换为复合句。改 写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并把不定式
改为适当的形式的谓语即可。如：
Which to choose is important. = Which we should choose is important.
The question is where to go. = The question is where we should go.
三、
“
特殊疑问词＋动词不定式
”
这种结构可构成独立问 句。如：
What to do?
怎么办？
How to get rid of the trouble?
如何摆脱困境？
按照英语语法的习惯，疑问副词
why
后不直接跟动词不定式，如：
误：
I don’t know
why to choose that dictionary.
正：
I don’t know why you must choose that dictionary.
但它可以接不带
to
的动词不定式，
即动 词原形，
构成
why do sth./ why not do sth.
肯定形
式是表示某动作是不必要的或没有意义的，而否定形式是表示向某人提建议和表达看法，相当
于 祈使句。
Today is Sunday. Why not go out to relax yourself?
Why pay more at other shops? We have the best value.
练习：
1.I have no idea when ___ her the bad news.
A. will tell B. telling C. tell D. to tell
2.
—
Will you please show me how to do the role-play exercise?
—
Sure. Now let me tell you ____ first.
A. which to do
B. how to do
C. when to do
D. what to do
3. I need your help because I don’t know ____.
A. how to do it
B. how to do
C. what to do it
D. what should I do
4.
—
How are you feeling here?
—It’s quite hot. I don’t know ____ to go or stay.
A. how
B. when
C. whether
D. where
5.
—
I don’t know ____ to do with this maths problem. It’s too hard.
—
You can ask your classmates or teachers for help.
A. which
B. how