英语人教版九年级全册不定式的用法
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2021年01月31日 23:29
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英语教师自我介绍-物业培训
Grammar revision: Infinitive
教学目标：
知识目标：
Students can learn what the infinitive is.
Students can grasp different types of tense and the voice of infinitives.
能力目标：
Students can use the infinitive rightly.
Students can tell the different syntax-function of the infinitive.
情感目标：
Students can learn to cooperate with others and finish task on their own
and in group.
Students can also compete with others and develop good habits.
重点：
Student can grasp the usage of infinitive.
难点：
Students can use the infinitive rightly in exercise
.
教学步骤：
Ⅰ
.
Lead- in
: Play a guessing game. Teacher writes some sentences on the
blackboard. Students try to understand and guess their meanings
Ⅱ
.Presentation:
一．
二．
定义：是一种非谓语动词，既不能单独作谓语，且没有人称和时态的变化的动词。
构成：
肯定式：
to+
动词原形
否定式：
not to +
动词原形
被动态：
to be +
动词的过去分词
注：
to
只是不定式符号，没有实际意 义，多数时候必须带着，有时可带可不带（
help
），
有事不能带（感官动词
see
等和使役动词
let
等后的不定式）
三：不定式的用法：
动词不定式有动词的性质，可接宾语和状语构成不定式短语，做 主语、宾语、表语、定语、
状语和补语。
1.
作主语：
To learn English well is very important.(
不定式做主语时，谓语动词用单数
)
不定式短语作主语时， 可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下（为了避免头重脚轻），尤其是
在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语 之后，而用先行代词
it
作形式主语。
如：
It is important to learn English well.
We all know how important it is to work hard at school and enter university.
How terrible it is to take roller coaster?
不定式作主语常见句型：
a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) +
不定式
b) It is +
n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame) +
不定式
eg. It’s my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School.
c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) +
不定式
eg. It requires patience to be a good teacher.
形式主语为
it
，
真正主语为不定式。
2.
作表语：“
is+
不定式”为系表结构，故不定式在这里作表语。
The most important thing is to study hard.
当句子的主语是
aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose
等或者主语是
what
引导的名词性从句时，
后面可以用不定式做表语，
用以 说明主语所包含内容。
eg. Our most important task now is to make a plan.
注：作表语的不定式都带
to
，但当主语部 分有实义动词
do
时，
to
可以省略。
eg. The only thing we can do now is wait and see.
3.
作宾语
The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”.
a)
可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：
agree, afford, tend, ask, decide,
determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want,
wish
等。
当不定式短语比宾补长时，< br>往往将不定式放到宾补后，
而用先行代词
it
作形式宾语，
常用动词有
feel, think, find, believe, consider, make
等。
The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.
b)
不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如
but, except
等后面可以跟不 定式作宾语。
一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带
to
，如果
but
或
except
所在句子里的谓语动词都是实
义动词
do, does, did
时，通常省略
to
。
eg. We have no choice but to wait.
We can do nothing but wait.
4.
宾语补足语
在
SVOC
句型中，许多动词都可以接不定式作宾语补足语。
a)
通常作宾语补语的不定式要带
to
，
常用于以下动词之后：
ask, tell, advise, allow, enable,
expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg
等
You should get them to help you.
但在谓语动词
believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove
等后面跟
to be…
作宾补，不跟
to do…
eg. They believe him to be honest.
b)
以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带
to
①一些表示
“
致使
”
意义的动词，如：
let, have, make
等
②一些表示感觉的动词，如：
hear, feel, see, watch, notice
等
记住口诀：五看
二听
三使役
一感觉
五看：
see
watch
look at
observe
notice
二听：
hear
listen to
三使役：
let
have
make
一感觉：
feel
She hears someone play the piano on the way to school.
They made workers work day and night
Don’t let the children tr
ouble you.
I heard someone open the door.
但当这两类动词为被动态时，不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上
to
His father made him go to bed early.
He was made to go to bed early by his father.
5.
作定语