初中动词不定式专题讲解及练习(全面)
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2021年01月31日 23:32
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小菜学英语
Practice makes perfect!
语法：动词不定式
动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，
它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语
，但
可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动
词不
定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语< br>
和状语，
动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
一、
二、
构成：
to do .
否定式
not to do
常见时态：一般时
to do
进行时
to be doing
完成式
to have done
完成进行式
to have been doing
三、
动词不定式在句子中的成分
1
、作句子的主语
:
现实中常 用
it
作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）
后
置。
比较下列句子
To lear n from your frie nds is importa nt.=lt is importa nt to lear n from your frie nds .
______
To leave without say ing goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying ________
goodbye.
To chat with Miss White is a pleasa nt thi ng.=lt is a pleasa nt thi ng to chat with Miss ______
White.
To walk to school takes me ten minu tes.=lt takes me ten minu tes to walk to school.
_
______
句型总结
It is + adj. + of sb. to do
sb
：
・
i= are +adj. +to do
在以某些表示人的品质、
特征等的形容词（如
kind
、
good
、
nice
、
wrong
、
cleve r
、
right
等）作表语时，不定式之前
常加一
个引起 的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，
对，错等
等）。
It is very kind of you to help me.
It
'
s not polite of himto speak to old people like that.
It is + adj. + for sb. to do
…乞
aisb+Odj. +to do
女
:
果要说明不定式表示的
动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个
for
引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。
It is n ecessary for us to study hard ___
It is easy for him to speak En glish.
动词不定式作主语练习
1. It's our duty
A. to clea n
the room every day.
B. clea ned
C. clea n
1
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16
D. cleans
（
甘肃省
）
小菜学英语
Practice makes perfect!
En glish well.
C. to lear n
D. learning
（
江西省
）
北京市海淀区
）
2. It's hard for us
A. learn
B. lear ns
3.
建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
It will _____
the workers over a year _________ the flyover.
（
4.
It's very nice ____ you to get me two tickets
_
________ the World Cup.
A. for
，
of B. of
，
for
C. to
，
for
D. of
，
to
（
安徽省
）
KEYS: 1. A 2.C
3. take, to build 4. B
2
、作句子的表语
:
不定式放在
be
动词后面，用作表语如：
Her dream is to be a policema n.
My job is to help the patie nt.
Your task is to clea n the classroom.
My dream is to own a robot.
The doctor
'
s suggesti
o
nase more exercise.
The best way is to talk to your pare nts.
His pla n is to travel to Beijing this summer.
___
My purpose is to help you solve this problem.
3
、作句子的宾语
:
不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）
彳艮多，常见的有
want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn,
choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan, decide, would like, need, choose, agree,
promise, refuse, set out, man age, prete nd,
I want to go home.
The workers demanded to get better pay.
They began to read and write.
She forgot to close the door.
He wan ted to borrow my CD player.
I hope to speak En glish well.
The workers demanded to get better pay .
I hope to hear from you soon.
Joh n does n
wa
n
t to be the host of the charity show.
They are trying to solve the problem by himself.
Millio ns of people have learned to use computers.
有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：
forget to do sth.
忘记要做某事
2
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16
小菜学英语
forget doi ng sth.
忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do sth.
停下来去做某事
Practice makes perfect!
stop doing sth.
停止做某事
3
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16
小菜学英语
go on to do sth.
继续做另一件事
go on doing sth.
继续做原来在做的事
n eed to do sth.
需要做某事
need doi ng sth.
需要被做
Don
'
t forgfeo turn off the lights before leaving.
Father must stop smok ing.
This bike n eeds repairi ng/me nding.
Practice makes perfect!
注意
1
：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放在后面，用
式主语，构成
主语
+
动词
+it+
宾补
(
形容词、名词
)
+
不定式”结构
I found it necessary to talk to him again.
I found it important to lear n En glish.
I fond it difficult to lear n physics.
注意
2
:
常用带
to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有
wish, allow, invite, teach, encourage, beg,
The teacher told us to read the text.
He asked me not to tell you the news.
His pare nts did n
'
t allow him to play.
I expect you to give me some help.
asks ue to hand in our homework on time.
The docter advised Mr. Gree n to drink more water.
Mr. Wu tells the students not to shout in class
Mrs. Read whishes her son to learn English well.
注意
3
:
不定式作宾补省去
to
的情况（在被动语态中则
to
不能省掉）
it
作形
want, ask, tell, order, get,
等。构成
“
vt,+sb.+(not)to do sth.
结构。
常用省去
to
的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：一感（
feel
）、二听（
hear, listen to
）、
三让
(
make, let, have
)
、四看
(
look at, see, watch, notice, observe
)
、半帮助
help
(
可
带
to
，也可不
带
to help sb (to) do sth
)
I made him tblo his work..
-
---------------------
Please liste n to me to_s ing this song aga in.
n my door.
-
------------------
I felt some one to
The boss made the girl to w°
rk ten hour a day.
You must watch me tdlo everything --------------
make sth.
liste n to sth.
feel sth.
make sth.
In ternet
bars must n
watch sth.
'lett an ybody watch bad thin gs, especially childre n. ---------------
l
et
sth.
He ofte n helps
（
to
）
clea n the room.
Mr. Zhang always helps us
（
to
）
learn English.
4
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16
小菜学英语
Practice makes perfect!
被动语
to
要加上
He was made to do his work
（
by me
）
They are made to work for 12 hours a day.
He was heard to speak in the n ext room.
Joh n was made to wash the car for a week as a puni shme nt.
The patie nt was warned not to eat food after the operati on.
Intern et bars mustn
'
t let anybody watch bad things, especially children.
动词不定式作宾语练习
1.
He wants __
some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys
（
山西省
）
2.
Don't forget
______ your homework with you whe n you come to school.
A. to bring
B. bringing
C. to take
D. taking
（
福建省
）
3.
He found it very difficult __
A. sleeping
B. sleeps
C. slept
D. to fall asleep
（
湖南省
）
4.
Robert ofte n asks us
_
____
his Chin ese, so his Chin ese is much better tha n before.
A. help him B. to help him with
C. to help with
D. helps him with
（
江苏省
）
5.
Mr Li ofte n teaches his Japa nese friends
____ Chin ese food.
A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked
（
甘肃省
）
6.
We saw him _
the buildi ng and go upstairs.
A. to enter
B. enter
C. entering
D. entered
（
河南省
）
7.
So much work usually makes them __very tired.
A. to feel
B. feels
C. feeli ng
D. feel
8.
Your father is sleep ing. You'd better ____ .
A. not wake up him
B. not to wake up him
C. not wake him up
D. not to wake him up
（
陕西省
）
9.
I was made
__
my homework in the after noon.
A. do
B. doi ng
C. to do D. did
Keys
:
1. C 2. A 3. D 4.B
5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. C
4
、作句子的定语
:
|
不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。如果不定式中
词是不及物动词
，
则不定式中要有介词
.
I want to get somethi ng to read duri ng the holiday.
We have a lot work to do .
5
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16
的动
小菜学英语
She is the first pers on to think of the idea.
I have someth ing in terest ing to tell you.
He is look ing for a room to live in .
---- --------------------------------
l
ive
词
Practice makes perfect!
是不及物动
There is nothing for us to worry about. ------
-
------------------------
w
orry
动词
Mr Wu is always the first to come and the last to leave. _____
There is no n eed to trouble him.
Have you got anything importa nt to tell me?
I
'
ve gobthing to worry about.
I
'
m thirsty. Gie me something to drink.
没有必要去烦他
重要的事情去告诉我
是不及物
没有什么去担心
给我些东西去喝
Spring is the best seas on to pla nt trees. ___
春季是最好的季节去种树
We all have a cha nee to go to college.
动词不定式作定语练习
1.
Would you like somethi ng __ ?
A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks
（
2.
I have a lot of homework
_____
.
A. do B. doing C. did D. to do
（
河南省
）
3.
He is not an easy man _____ .
A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with
（
山东省
）
湖北省
）
我们都有机会去上大学
5
、作句子的状语：动词不定式位于不及物动词之后 作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。
come to do sth.
go to do sth.
stop to do sth.
in order
（
not
）
to do
too + adj. + to do sth.
. + eno ugh to do sth
so as to ,
eno ugh to ,
on ly to ,
She came here to borrow an En glish book.
（目的）
Let
'
s stop to have a rest.
She is too young to go to school.
（结果）
6
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16
小菜学英语
He runs fast eno ugh to catch a horse.
I
'
m sorry to make youwait here so long.
（原因）
We are surprised to see such beautiful ani mals.
Practice makes perfect!
In order to improve his English, Tom goes to the English corner every day.
I was too tired to fall sleep.
She ran fast to catch the first bus.
He is rich eno ugh to buy a car.
A group of young people got together to discuss this questi on.
In order to help him, we would do everything we can.
（
目的
）
I
'
m too tired to do well.
结果
He is old eno ugh to go to school .
结果
动词不定式做状语练习
1.
She went
_____ her teacher.
A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing
（
江西省
）
2.
Meimei likes En glish very much. She does her best ____
En glish well.
A. learn
B. learning
C. to learn
D. learns
（
四川省
）
目的
3.
I'm sorry
_____ that.
A. hears B. hearing
4.
I'm sorry
_____ you.
A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled
（
吉林省
）
5.
My mother was very glad __
h
er old frie nd.
A. to meet B. meet
C. met
D. meets
改为意思相同的句子
）
广东省
）
改为意思相同的句子
）
广东省
）
C. hear
D. to hear
（
河北省
）
6.
The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.
（
The hole
_
________________________ such a fat panda to go through.
（
7.
The ice on the lake was so thin that people could n't skate on it.
（
The ice on the lake was n't
___
e
no ugh __ people
_
_____________
.
（
KEYS
:
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A
6. is
，
too
，
small
，
for 7. thick
，
for
，
to
，
skate
，
on
六、带疑问词的不定式短语
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词
what, which, who
或疑问副词
how, when, where, why
等。这种结构起名
词的作
用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，
例如：
I don
'
t know what to try next.
（作宾语）
why
后面的不定式不带
to
。
7
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16
小菜学英语
Where to go is not decided yet.
注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。
(
作主语
)
Practice makes perfect!
What to do n ext?(=What will we / you do next?)
Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)
在与
why
连用时，只用于
why
或
why not
开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带
to
。
Why not have a rest?
How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.)
I really don
'
t kncwhat to write about.(=what I should write about)
The trouble is where to put the machine.(
二
where we should put the machine)
I asked him how to learn English well.(
二
how I could learn English well)
He did n
'
t kwihat to say.
How to solve the problem is very important.
My questio n is when to start.
Please show us how to use the computer.
I don
'
t kwbwt to buy for you.
动词不定式专项练习：
一、填空
1.
——
你父亲愿意去购物吗？
——不，他宁可在家听音乐。
-
---- Does your father want to go shopp ing?
-
---- No
，
he
___________________________ ______________________
at home.
2.
他们觉得有必要帮助残疾人。
They found ______________________________________________
the disabled.
3.
奥黛丽
.
赫本大部分时间致力于电影事业。
Audrey Hepburn _______________________________________ the film industry.
4.
叫孩子们不要轻视穷人。
Tell
____________________________________ _____________ the poor.
5.
He
______________________________________ .(
宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影
)
6.
______________ ___________________________________
Father
(
习惯于看报
)after
supper.
7 . If some one laughs at you, you should
_________________________________
不
理睬
)
KEYS:
8
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16
小菜学英语
1, prefers to would rather listen to music
2,
it (was) necessary to help
Practice makes perfect!
9
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16