初中动词不定式专题讲解及练习
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2021年01月31日 23:41
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乏善可陈的意思-不该相遇在秋天
语法：动词不定式
动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，
它没有人称和数的 变化，在句子中不能作谓语
，但
可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾 语补足语、定语和状语）；动
词不定式具有名词、
形容词和副词的特征，
同时还保持动 词的某些特点，
既可以有自己的宾语
和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。< br>
一、
二、
构成：
to do .
否定式
not to do
常见时态：一般时
to do
进行时
to be doing
完成式
to have done
完成进行式
to have been doing
三、动词不定式在句子中的成分
1
、作句子的主语：
现实中常用
it
作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）
后置。
比较下列句子
To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends .
To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying
goodbye.
White.
To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss
To walk to school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school.
句型总结
It is + adj. + of sb. to do…=
sb. is
are +adj. +to do…
在以某些表示人的品质、
特征等的 形容词（如
kind
、
good
、
nice
、
wr ong
、
clever
、
right
等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，
对，错 等等）。
It is very kind of you to help me.
It’s not polite of him
to speak to old people like that.
It is + adj. + for sb. to do…≠ sb. is
are +adj. +to do…
如果要说明不定式表示的
动作是谁 做的，则在不定式前加一个
for
引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。
It is necessary for us to study hard.
It is easy for him to speak English.
动词不定式作主语练习
1. It's our duty _________ the room every day.
A. to clean
B. cleaned
C. clean
D. cleans(
甘肃省
)
2. It's hard for us _____ English well.
A. learn
B. learns
C. to learn
D. learning(
江西省
)
3.
建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
It will ______the workers over a year _____ ____the flyover.(
北京市海淀区
)
4. It's very nice _____you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.
A. for
，
of
B. of
，
for
C. to
，
for
D. of
，
to(
安徽省
)
KEYS: 1. A
2.C
3. take, to build
4. B
2
、作句子的表语：
不定式放在
be
动词后面，用作表语如：
Her dream is to be a policeman.
My job is to help the patient.
My dream is to own a robot.
Your task is to clean the classroom.
The doctor’s suggestion is
to take more exercise.
The best way is to talk to your parents.
His plan is to travel to Beijing this summer.
My purpose is to help you solve this problem.
3
、作句子的宾语：
不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及 物）
很多，
常见的有
want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn,
choose,
agree,
expect,
remember,
forget,
plan,
decide,
would
like,
need,
choose,
agree, promise, refuse, set out, manage, pretend,
I want to go home.
The workers demanded to get better pay.
They began to read and write.
She forgot to close the door.
He wanted to borrow my CD player.
I hope to speak English well.
The workers demanded to get better pay
.
I hope to hear from you soon.
John doesn’t
want to be the host of the charity show.
They are trying to solve the problem by himself.
Millions of people have learned to use computers.
有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：
forget to do sth.
忘记要做某事
forget doing sth.
忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do sth.
停下来去做某事
stop doing sth.
停止做某事
go on to do sth.
继续做另一件事
go on doing sth.
继续做原来在做的事
need to do sth.
需要做某事
need doing sth.
需要被做
Don’t forge to turn off the lights before leaving.
Father must stop smoking.
This bike needs repairing/mending.
注意
1
：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放在后面， 用
it
作形
式主语，构成
“
主语
+
动词
+ it+
宾补（形容词、名词）
+
不定式
”
结构
I found it necessary to talk to him again.
I found it important to learn English.
I fond it difficult to learn physics.
注意
2
：
常用 带
to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有
want,
ask,
tell,
order,
get,
wish, allow, invite, teach, encourage, beg,
等。构成
“vt,+sb.+(not)to do sth.”
结构。
The teacher told us to read the text.
He asked me not to tell you the news.
His parents
didn’t allow him to play.
I expect you to give me some help.
asks ue to hand in our homework on time.
The docter advised Mr. Green to drink more water.
Mr. Wu tells the students not to shout in class.
Mrs. Read whishes her son to learn English well.
注意
3
：不定式作宾补省去
to
的情况
(
在被动语态中则
to
不能省掉
)
常用 省去
to
的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：一感（
feel
）、二听（
hear, listen to
）、
三让（
make, let, have
）、四看（
look at, see, watch, notice, obse rve
）、半帮助
help
（可
带
to
，也可不带
to help sb (to) do sth
）
I made him to do his work. .----------------------------make sth.
Please listen to me to sing this song again.-------------------listen to sth.
I felt someone to open my door. --------------------------------feel sth.
The boss made the girl to work ten hour a day. -------------make sth.
You must watch me to do everything--------------------------watch sth.
Internet
bars
mustn’t
let
anybody
watch
bad
things,
especially
children.
-------let
sth.
He often helps (to) clean the room.
Mr. Zhang always helps us (to) learn English.
被动语
to
要加上
He was made to do his work (by me)
They are made to work for 12 hours a day.
He was heard to speak in the next room.
John was made to wash the car for a week as a punishment.
The patient was warned not to eat food after the operation.
Internet bars mustn’t let anybody watch bad things, especially children.
动词不定式作宾语练习
1.
He wants ___ some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (
山西省
)
2.
Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring
B. bringing
C. to take
D. taking (
福建省
)
3.
He found it very difficult ___
A.
sleeping
B. sleeps
C. slept
D. to fall asleep (
湖南省
)
4.
Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
A. help him
B. to help him with
C. to help with
D. helps him with (
江苏省
)
5.
Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.
A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (
甘肃省
)
6. We saw him ___the building and go upstairs.
A. to enter
B. enter
C. entering
D. entered (
河南省
)
7. So much work usually makes them __very tired.
A. to feel
B. feels
C. feeling
D. feel
8. Your father is sleeping. You'd better ______.
A. not wake up him
B. not to wake up him
C. not wake him up
D. not to wake him up (
陕西省
)
9. I was made ___ my homework in the afternoon.
A. do
B. doing
C. to do
D. did
Keys
：
1. C
2. A
3. D
4.B
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. C
4
、作句子的定语：不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰 词的后面作后置定语。如果不定式中
的动词是不及物动词
,
则不定式中要有介词
.
I want to get something to read during the holiday.
We have a lot work to do .
She is the first person to think of the idea.
I have something interesting to tell you.
He is looking for a room to live in . -------------------------------------- live
是不及物动词
There is nothing for us to worry about.---------------------------------- worry
是不及物
动词
Mr Wu is always the first to come and the last to leave.
There is no need to trouble him.
没有必要去烦他
Have you got anything important to tell me?
重要的事情去告诉我
I’ve got
nothing to worry about.
没有什么去担心
I’m thirsty. Give me
something to drink.
给我些东西去喝
Spring is the best season to plant trees.
春季是最好的季节去种树
We all have a chance to go to college.
我们都有机会去上大学
动词不定式作定语练习
1. Would you like something ____?
A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (
湖北省
)
2. I have a lot of homework ______.
A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (
河南省
)
3. He is not an easy man ______.
A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (
山东省
)
5
、作句子 的状语：动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。
come to do sth.
go to do sth.
stop to do sth.
in order (not) to do
too + adj. + to do sth.
. + enough to do sth
so as to ,
enough to ,
only to ,
She came here to borrow an English book.
（目的）
Let’s stop to have a rest.
She is too young to go to school.
（结果）
He runs fast enough to catch a horse.
I’m sorry to make you wait here so long.
（原因）
We are surprised to see such beautiful animals.
In order to improve his English, Tom goes to the English corner every day.
I was too tired to fall sleep.
She ran fast to catch the first bus.
He is rich enough to buy a car.
A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
目的
In order to help him, we would do everything we can.(
目的
)
I’m too tired to do well.
结果
He is old enough to go to school .
结果
动词不定式做状语练习
1. She went ______ her teacher.
A. to see
B. looks
C. saw
D. seeing (
江西省
)
2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.
A. learn
B. learning
C. to learn
D. learns (
四川省
)
3. I'm sorry ______ that.
A. hears B. hearing
C. hear
D. to hear (
河北省
)
4. I'm sorry ______ you.
A. trouble
B. to trouble
C. troubling
D. troubled (
吉林省
)
5. My mother was very glad ___her old friend.
A. to meet
B. meet
C. met
D. meets
6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(
改为意思相同的句子
)
The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a fat panda to go through. (
广东省
)
7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (
改为意思相同的句子
)
The ice on the lake wasn't ____ enough __ people ____ ______ ____. (
广东省
)
KEYS
：
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. A
6. is
，
too
，
small
，
for
7. thick
，
for
，
to
，
skate
，
on
六、带疑问词的不定式短语
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词
what, which, who
或疑问副词
how, when, where, why
等。 这种结构起名
词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，
wh y
后面的不定式不带
to
。
例如：
I don’t know what to try next.
（作宾语）
Where to go is not decided yet.
（作主语）
注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。
What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)
Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)
在与
why
连用时，只用于
why
或
why not
开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带
to
。
Why not have a rest?
How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.)
I really don’t know
what to write about.(=what I should write about)
The trouble is where to put the machine.(=where we should put the machine)
I asked him how to learn English well.(=how I could learn English well)
He didn’t know
what to say.
How to solve the problem is very important.
My question is when to start.
Please show us how to use the computer.
I don’t know
what to buy for you.
动词不定式专项练习：
一、填空
1.
——
你父亲愿意去购物吗？
——
不，他宁可在家听音乐。
——
Does your father want to go shopping?
——
No
，
he
at home.
2.
他们觉得有必要帮助残疾人。
They found
the disabled.
3.
奥黛丽
.
赫本大部分时间致力于电影事业。
Audrey Hepburn
the film industry.
4.
叫孩子们不要轻视穷人。
Tell
the poor.
5
．
He
. (
宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影
)
6
．
Father
(
习惯于看报
)after supper.
7 . If someone laughs at you, you should
.(
不理睬
)
KEYS:
1, prefers to would rather listen to music
3,
devoted most of her time to
2,
it (was) necessary to help
4,
children not to look down on
5
，
prefers staying at home to going to the cinema
6
，
is used to reading newspapers ,
7
，
pay no attention to him
二，选择
1. My teacher was made _____ his teaching because of poor health.
A.
giving up
B. to give up
C. give up
D. given up
sentence wants ____ once more.
A.
explained
B. to explain
C. being explained
D. explaining
Arctic is considered ____ the northern part of the Atlantic.
A.
having been
B. to have been
C. to be
D. being
Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth_____ for him without delay.
A.
to have woven
B. to be woven
C. to be weaving
D. to weave
5.I found the German language hard ____.
A.
learned
B. learning
C. to be learned
D. to learn
6.
—
The light in the office is still on.
--- Oh, I forgot ______.
A.
turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
7.---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
---The key ____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers.
A.
to solving, making
B. to solving, made
C. to solve, making
D. to solve,
made
8. ---What do you think of the school?
----It is a very good _____.
A.
school to study in
B. school for children to study
C. studying school
D. school to study
9. ---Did you get a job?
---
No, I ___ , but it’s no use.
A.
expected
B. tried to
C. managed to
D. planned
find it impossible for the work ___ahead of time.
A.
to finish
B. finishing
C. being finished
D. to be finished
11.---I usually go to Shanghai by train.