(完整版)初中英语动词不定式的基本用法
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2021年01月31日 23:46
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动词不定式（
the infinitive
）的基本用法
动词不定式
1.
基本构成：
to+
动词原形
，其否定形式是
“not/never to do
/
not do”.
2.
基本用法：不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。
一、不定式的句法功能
1.
作主语
eg: I
t’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American school.
不定式做主语时
,
常用代词
it
来代替不定式结构
,
这时
it
被称为形式主语
,
而作为句子真
正主语的不定式则被后置，往往放
v.
和
adj.
之后。
e.g. To learn English well is not easy.
=
It’s not easy
to learn English well.
★
不定式的逻辑主语有时用
“of/for
+
名词或代词宾格
”
构成
,
即：
It’s
+ adj. + for / of sb. + to do sth.
跟踪练习
1. It’s very nice of them _
_______ (send) me the flowers.
2. _________ (become) a teacher is my dream.
3. It’s very important to learn English well.(
同义句转换
)
________ ________ English well ______ very important.
4.
It’s important ___
____ Chinese well.
A. to learn B. learn C. learning D. learns
2.
作表语
eg
：
The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
表语是用来表示主语的身份、状态和特征等，可与系动词构成系表结构。
eg
：
Her wish is to study in Ji Yan Middle school.
My job is to clean the streets.
跟踪练习
1. My work is __________ (clean) the room every day.
2. His dream is _________ (be) a doctor.
3.
作宾语
eg
：
The driver offered to help the patient.
有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，表示命令、打算或希望等。常见的此类动词有：
agree,
1
ask, choose, decide, want, would like, fail, help, hope, plan
等。
跟踪练习
friends want ________ (book) some tickets to the movie for us.
2. My parents decide _______ (give) me more money.
3. He plans ________ (go) to Beijing for a holiday.
4. The boy hopes ________ (pass) the English exam.
5. My little son is able _________ (read) some words.
6. I’ll try my
best _________ (help) you.
7. She would like _________ (become) beautiful.
4.
作宾语补足语
eg
：
It allows people to get closer to them.
The world wide fund for nature chose the panda to be its symbol.
动词不定式作宾语补足语，常构成的句式为：
v. + sb. /sth. + to do
。此类常见的动词有：
tell, ask, want, wish, teach, help, order, invite, get, allow, send, lead, encourage, advise, warn, bear,
beg, cause, command, drive, elect, expect, forbid, force, hate, intend, leave(
留下
), like, mean, need,
permit, persuade, prefer, remind, train, trouble
等
36
个动词。即：
ask sb. to do sth.
让某人做某事；
tell sb. to do sth.
告诉某人做某事；
invite sb. to do sth.
邀请某人做某事；
help sb. to do sth.
帮助某人做某事；
want sb. to do sth.
想要某人做某事；
allow sb. to do sth.
允许某人做某事；
...
eg
：
My friend invites me to come to his home.
I asked Paul to carry the box.
其否定形式为：
v. + sb. / sth. not /never + to do
。即：
tell sb. not to do sth.
告诉某人不要做某事
;
ask sb. not to do sth.
让某人不要做某事；
warn sb. not to do sth.
警告某人不要做某事；
order sb. not to do sth.
命令某人不要做某事；
eg
：
My teacher tells us not to make too much noise.
跟踪练习
1.
Don’t ask Jim _
____
(go) swimming with us, because his mother won’t allow him ___
_ (do) so.
2. Does you mother like you ________ a doctor?
A. being
B. to be
C. are
D. become
3. My teacher always tells me ________ (study) hard.
4. I don’t want you ____
_____ (help) me.
5. She’d like me ___
______ (join) them.
2