不定式在句子中的成分
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2021年01月31日 23:48
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动词不定式在句子中的成分
一、作主语
(
1
)动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词常常用单数。例如:
To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
做早操有利于我们的健康。
To sweep the floor is my duty every day.
每天打扫地板是我的责任。
(
2
)
如果动词不定式太长,
常常用
it
作形式主语,
而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。
例如:
It took me half an hour to walk there
.我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。
It
’
s important for us to learn English well
.对我们来说,学好英语是重要的。
二、作宾语
(
1
)能够接动词不定式作宾语的有
ask,
agree,
beg,
decide,
determine,
fail,
hope,
manage,
offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish
及
would like/love
等动词,
但
finish, enjoy,
miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest
等动词后面通常只能接动名词作宾语。例如:
I hope to visit this place again.
我希望能再度访问此地。
She enjoys reading very much
.她非常喜欢读书。
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
(
2
)动词不定式与名词等构成复合宾语时,通常要用
it
作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语—
—动词不定式后置。例如:
I think it our duty to obey the laws.
我认为遵守法律是我们的义务。
I found it difficult to see him here.
我发现在这里见到他是很难的。
三、作补足语
(
1
)某些动词在主动式中后接动词不定 式作宾语补足语;在被动式中,由于原来的宾语变
成了主语,
故原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补 足语。
这类动词常用的有
consider, expect, tell,
want, warn, wish
,
invite
等。例如:
They told him not to be late again.
他们告诉他不要再迟到了。
→
He was told not to be late again.
She invited me to have dinner with her yesterday
.昨天她请我一起进餐。
(
2
)
在
feel
(
一感)
,
listen to
,
hear
(二听)
,
let
,
make,
have
(三让)
,
look at
,
see
,
watch
,
notice
(四看)等词之后接不带
to
的不定式作宾语补足语,强调动作的完成过程;它们作被
动句的谓语时,
to
要补上 。如:
I heard her sing today
.
She sang wonderfully
.今天我听见她唱歌了,她唱得非常精彩。
She was heard to sing today
.今天有人听见她唱歌了。
She is often heard to sing this song
(
by us
)
.我们经常听见她唱这首歌。
四、作状语
⑴动词不定式作状语可表示目的、
原因及结果等,
其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,
因 此动词不
定式作状语往往用主动式。例如:
Come to see me again soon.
尽快再来看我。
I trembled to think of it.
我一想到那件事就不寒而栗。
You couldn't do that to save your life.
你即使为了救自己也不能那样做。
(
1
)目的状语
常用结构为
to do
,
only to do
(仅仅为了)
,
in order to do
,
so as to do
,
so
(
such
)…
as to
…(如此…以便…)
。例如:
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you.
我来仅仅是向你告别。