初中英语的不定式和动名词(整理版)
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2021年01月31日 23:53
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200字读后感-俯组词和拼音
初中不定式和动名词
一、
动词不定式：构成：
to +
动词原形
1.
下列动词只能接不定式作
：
want
想要
,
agree
同意
, choose
选择
, decide
决定
,
expect
期望
,
hope
希望
,
earn
学会
,
need
必要
,
offer
提供
,
prefer
宁愿
,
+to do
promise
保证
, plan
计划
refuse
拒绝
,
wish
希望
,
would like
想要
2.
下列动词只能接动名词（即动词
+ing
）
Enjoy; mind; practice; finish
；
suggest ;deny;
admit keep; spend;
feel like
+ doing sth.
enjoy doing sth.,
喜欢做某事
mind doing sth.
介意做某事
,
practice doing sth.
练习做某事
finish doing sth.
做完某事
feel like doing sth.
想要做某事
keep doing sth.
坚持做某事
have fun doing sth.
尽情做某事
suggest doing sth.
建议做某事
deny doing sth.
否认做某事
admit doing sth.
承认做某事
be/get used to doing sth.
习惯做某事
look forward to doing sth.
盼望做某事
spend
…
(in) doing sth.
花费时间做某事
can
’
t help doing sth.
情不自禁做某事
be busy doing sth
忙于做某事
be worth doing sth
值得做某事
prefer doing sth. to doing sth
与„相比更喜欢做某事
pay attention to doing sth.
注意做某事
3
．有些动词后面既可接不定式，也可接动名词，意思相同。如：
begin/start to do sth.= begin/start doing sth
开始做某事
,
like/love to do sth= like / love doing sth.
喜欢做某事
;
hate to do sth. =hate doing sth.
憎恨做某事
4.
有些动词后接不定式或名词时，意思不同。如：
1
）
remember doing sth.
记得作过某事（某事已做过）
remember to so sth.
记住去做某事（某事还没做）
2
）
forget doing sth.
忘了作过某事（某事已做过）
forget to do sth.
忘了去做某事（某事还没做）
3
）
try to do sth.=do one
’
s best to do sth.
尽力去做某事
try doing sth.
尝试做某事
4
）
stop doing sth.
停止做某事
（停止正在做的事）
stop to do sth.
停下来做某事（停止的事去做另外的事）
5
）
go on doing sth.
继续做某事（同一件事）
go on to do sth.
接着去做某事（不同的事）
5.
下列动词跟动词不定式充当宾语补足语：
vt.+sb. to do sth.
vt.+ sb.+not to do sth.
Want/ask/ tell /order/ allow/ wish/beg/advise / call /invite +sb. to do sth.
She told me
to buy a ticket.
她让我去买张票
My mother often tells me
not to go
out at night.
后的不定式可带
to,
也可不带
to
The teachers helped the students
(to) learn English well
.
那些老师帮助学生学好英语。
He often helps his mother
(to) tidy up the room.
他经常帮助他妈妈整理房间。
1
7.
动词不定式省
to
的情况
一感
feel
二听
hear, listen to
+sb. do sth.
三使
have, let, make
四看
see, watch, look at, notice
常考短语：
hear/see/ make / let sb. do sth.
被动语态：
Sb. be heard/ seen/made/let to do sth.
（变成被动语态时补回
to
）
I often see him help others.
He is often seen
to help
other by me.
二、动词不定式的句式：
1..
动词不定式作主语，主语较长时，常用
it
作形 式主语，而将真正的主语放在句。
It + is/was+adj.+(for sb.) + to do sth.
To learn English well
is useful. = It
’
s useful
to learn English well.
学好英语是有用的。
To protect environment
is important for us.
= It
’
s important for us
to protect environment.
对于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。
2. It is / was + adj.(kind / good/ nice/ clever) + of sb. +to do sth.
It
’
s very kind of you
to help me.
=You are very kind to help me
你帮助我真是太好啦。
It
’
s very clever of you
to do like that
.=You are clever to do like that
你那样做真的太聪明啦。
这个句型的形容词为表示人的品格，气质之类的词。
可以等于句型：
sb. is / was + adj. +to do sth.
3. It takes ( took , will take ) sb. some time to do something. (
做某事花费某人„时间
)
4..
主语
+ find / think
+ it +
形容词
+ (for sb.) + to do
I find it easy
to read English
every day.
我发现每天读英语和容易的。
He felt it hard
to sleep.
他觉得很难入睡。
I think it very interesting
to learn English.
我认为学英语很有趣。
We found it impossible
to cross the river.
我们发现过河是不可能的。
5.
不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等
Her job is
to clean the hall
.
她的工作就是打扫大厅。
My dream is
to be a teacher.
我的梦想是当一名教师。
6.
不定式作状语的用法
He worked day and night
to get the money.
（表目的）他日夜工作来赚钱。
He is too young
to go to school.
（表结果）他太小以致不能上学。
They were very sad
to hear the news.
（表原因）听到这个消息他们非常伤心。
The question is simple for him
to answer.
（表程度）这个问题对他来说太容易回答了。
7.
动词不定式可以和疑问词
who, what, which, when, how, where(why
除外
)
等连用，构成不定式短语。
Can you tell me
how to get to the post office?
I didn
’
t know
what to do next.
How to learn English well
is the question that we all want to ask.
The question is
when to get there.
What to do
与
how to do
的区别
:
I don
’
t know
what to do
next?
我不知道下一步该做什么。
(What to do
后没有
sth.)
I don
’
t know
how to use this machine.
我不知道怎么样使用这部机器（
how to do +sth.
）
2