动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月31日 23:59
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悲伤的英文歌-学生会宣传部
⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别
①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作< br>,
常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起
;
而动名词作主语经
常表示抽象动
作
,
经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起
.
如
:
It's no good eating too much fat.
It's no good for you to eat so much fat.
②动名词结构作主语
,
可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语
.
如< br>:
It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.
,
作宾语
⒈不定式作宾语
①以下动词后
,
只能跟不定式作宾语
.
如
:agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand,
expect, fail , help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish
等
,
这些词大部分可接
that
引导的从句
.
如
:
I decided to ask for my money back.
I decided that I would ask for my money back.
When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.
When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot.
②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时
,
先用形式宾语
it
代替不定式
,
把不定式置于补语之后
,
即
:
主语
+
动
词
+it+
补语
+to do
句式
.
如
:
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
③介词
but, except, besides +to do(do)
在这种句型中
,
如介词前有动词
do,
后面应接不带to
的不定式
;
如无
do,
则接
to
不定式< br>,
即带
do
不带
to,
带
to
不带
do.
如
:
The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.
On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.
⒉动名词作宾语
①以下动词后
,
只能接动名词作宾语
,
如
:admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish,
keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, don't mind, give up, insist,
on, put off
等
.
如
:
I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.
You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.
②动名词作介词的宾语
I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.
What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech
动名词前的介词有时可以省略
,
如
:have difficulty(in)doing, have no trouble(in)doing, lose no
ti me(in)doing, prevent/stop…(from)doing, there is no use(in)doing
等
.
⒊部分动词后面
,
既可 接动词不定式
,
也可接动名词作宾语
,
意义不变
.
如
:begin, continue,
start, hat e, like, love, need, require, want
等
.
在
need, require, want
后接
-ing
形式
,
表示被动意义,
也可接不定式
,
但要用被动形式
,
如
:Your
handwriting needs improving (to be improved). hate, love, like
接不定式表示特定的未来事
件
,
接动名词表示目前
正在进行的活动或一般的行为
.
在下列情况下
,
一般要用不定式
:
①
hate, like, love
前有
would(should)
时
,
如
:I'd like to have a cup of coffee.
②当谓语动词
begin, continue, start
等是进行式时
,
如
:The students are starting to work on
the difficult maths problem.
③
begin, continue, start
与
know, understand
等状态动词连用时
,
如
:I soon began to
understand what
was happening.
⒋
advise, allow, encourage, forbid, pe rmit
等动词后接动名词作宾语
,
或带不定式作宾语补
足语
.如
:
Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.
Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.
⒌部分动词后接不定式 或动名词时
,
意义差别较大
,
应根据句子语境选择使用
.
①
forget, remember, regret
后接不定式
,
表示现在或未来的动作
,
接动名词表示动作已经发生
.
如
:
Don't forget fo post the letter for me.
Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport
Remember to close the windows before you leave.
I remember writing him a letter a year ago.
We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting.
They regretted ordering these books from abroad.
②
mean to do
打算做某事
doing
意味着
……
I meant to catch up with the early bus.
This means wasting a lot of money.
③
try to do
设法尽力做某事
doing
试着做某事
You should try to overcome your shortcomings.
Try working out the physics problem in another way.
④
stop to do
停下一件事去做另一件事
(
不定式作目的状语
)
doing
停止做某事
On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy a paper.
You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.
⑤
can't help doing
禁不住
……
to do
不能帮助干
……
They couldn't help jumping up at the news.
Sorry I have lots of work to do. So I can't help to make up the room for you.
⑥
go on to do
做不同的事或不同内容的事
doing
继续不停地做某事
,
指同一动作的继续
He went on to talk about world situation.
他接着又谈了世界形势
.
We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world.
⑦
leave off to do
离开某地去干什么
(
目的状语
)
doing
停下某事
It's time to leave off talking and to start acting.
They left off to go fishing.
三
,
做表语
不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作
;
动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为
.
①
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
②
My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
③
What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
当主语和表语都是不定式时
,
其含义一是条件
,
一是结果
(
例①
).
当主语是
aim, duty, hope,
idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion
等为中心词的名词词组
(
例②
)
时
,
或以
what
引导的
名词性分句
(
例③
),
不定
式说明主语的内容
.
④
Our work is serving the people.
⑤
What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
⑥
The story told by Mr. Wang is interesting.
④⑤ 句动名词作表语
,
与主语部分可以转换
,
如
Serving the people is out work,
而⑥句中是
现在分词作
表语< br>,
说明主语的性质
,
状态
,
现在分词具有形容词的各种特征< br>,
另外
,
动名词作表
语还应与进行时态区别开
来
.
四
,
作定语
⒈不定式作定语
不定式在句中作定语
,
置于被修饰的名词或代词之后
.
如
:
①
The next train to arrive is from Washington.
②
Have you anything to be taken to your sister
③
Do you have anything to say on the question
④
Would you please give me some paper to write on
⑤
My wish to visit France has come true at last.
不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系
:
(1)
表示将来的动作
(
例①
).
(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系
,
如是不及物动词
,
则需加介词
(< br>例④
).
(3)
与被修饰词之间有动宾关系
,
同 时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时
,
尽管有被
动含义
,
却 仍
用主动语态
(
例③
);
如只有动宾关系
,而无逻辑上的主谓关系
,
则需用被动语态
(
例②
).
(4)
不定式作定语时
,
一般可转换为定语从句
,
例①to arrive=that will arrive.
⒉动名词作定语
①
This passage can be used as listening materials.
②
The reading room of our school library can hold 800people.
③
All moving bodies have energy.
①②句动名词作定语说明一种性能
,
即
:
用来
……
的
;
第③句为现在分词作定语
,
单个分词作定
语常置于
< br>被修饰词之前
,
与被修饰词之间
,
可构成逻辑上的主谓关系
,
分词短语作定语常置于
被修饰词之后
.
如
:The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua.
五
,
不定式作补足语
⒈作宾语补足语
一些及物动词除要求按宾语外
,
有时还需要有宾语补足语
,
说明宾语的行为
,
状态
,
特征
,
这时意
思才相< br>
对完整
.