英语翻译单句翻译练习
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2021年02月01日 04:18
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桂林风景-播音与主持
《英语翻译》
第三部分
单句翻译
第三部分
单句翻译（技巧分析及重点归纳）
单句翻译部分考点总结
：
词性转换
词义选择
句子成分转换
句式转换
语序调整
一、英译汉部分考点分析
1.
词性转换
—
转动词
（
1
）名词转动词
（
2
）形容词转动词
（
3
）介词转动词
（
4
）副词转动词
In exchange, he said, China agreed to increase
its
domestic
demand,
meaning
relying
less
on
its
cheap currency to drive exports.
（
Unit 1
）
Obama replied,
strong
dialogue
is
important
not
only
for
the
U.S.
and
China,
but
for the rest of the world.
（
Unit 1
）
American strategic thinkers are calling
attention
to
China
’
s
increasing
global
economic
reach
and
the
growing
capability
of
its
military
forces.
（
Unit 3
）
Care
must be taken lest both sides analyze
themselves into self-fulfilling prophecies.
（
Unit 3
）
For weeks, central Russia has been
in the grips
of
its worst-ever heat wave, which has caused
probably thousands of fatalities.
（
Unit 9
）
...offering courses of study that address
the challenges of an
interconnected
world ...
（
Unit 15
）
...and there is a modem commercial
development at Docklands with skyscrapers to
rival those in Pudong.
（
Unit 19
）
Shops and restaurants supply mixtures of
Chinese and western food, the more genuine ones
with menus
in
Chinese as well as English, but
most
customers
eat
with
a
knife
and
fork.
（
Unit
19
）
Over the library of one of our great law
schools
is
inscribed
the
motto,
“
Not
under
man
but
under
God and law.
”（
Unit 21
）
2.
词义选择
Reflecting the broad range of issues that
have
come
to
characterize
relations
between
two
countries, some of the sensitive topics that
have dominated U.S.-Chinese talks in the past
now seem further down the agenda.
（
Unit 1
）
Most national news has an important
financial aspect to it.
（
Unit 5
）
Pub etiquette is designed to promote
sociability in a society known for its reserve.
（
Unit 11
）
A group of Italian youths waited for 45
minutes before they realized they would have to
fetch their own. This may sound inconvenient,
but there is a hidden purpose.
（
Unit 11
）
Imagine a virus that could travel like the
flu
—
and kill like HIV.
（
Unit 13
）
We now live in such crowded cities that the
scope for transmission of a virus which travels
through
air
is
greater
than
ever
before.
（
Unit
13
）
Some of the players were dismayed by the new
rules,
which
stated
that
the
ball
could
no
longer
be carried, and that kicking and grabbing your
opponent was not allowed.
（
Unit 17
）
These had been part of the game since 1823
，
when
a
schoolboy
at
Rugby
School
decided
that
his
dribbling
skills
were
not
up
to
much,
and
picked
the ball up and started running towards the
opponent
’
s goal.
Neither he nor I anticipated this long and
difficult road.
（
Unit 21
）
But our disappointment must be overcome by our
love of country.
（
Unit 21
）
At certain stops there are surprises. Some of
these will translate into great moments of joy;
some
will
result
in
profound
sorrow.
（
Unit
23
）
Some people consider their journey like a
jaunty tour. They will just go merrily along.
Others will encounter many upsets, tears and
losses on their journey.
（
Unit 25
）
Then I found that she had been married about
two
weeks
before,
to
a
local
innkeeper.
She
hadn
’
t waited.
（
Unit 25
）
3.
句子成分的转换
Obama said American values of freedom of
speech
and
assembly
are
“
universal
rights,
and
they
should
be
made
available
to
all
the
people.
”
（
Unit 1
）
（并列句改作前置定语）
1
The
upcoming
summit
between
the
America
and
Chinese presidents is to take place while
progress is being made in resoling many of the
issues before them...
（
Unit 3
）
（主语改作宾语）
Care must be taken lest both sides analyze
themselves into self-fulfilling prophecies.
（
Unit
3
）
（主语改作谓语，同时在句式上被动句
改为主动句）
Why do business institutions possess this
great prestige?
（
Unit 5
）
（宾语改作主语，定语改作表语）
A
brief
glimpse
at
a
daily
newspaper
vividly
shows
how
much
people
in
the
United
States
think
about business.
（
Unit 5
）
（主语改作状语，增译主语）
This summer has seen one of the weather-related
extremes
in
Russia,
Pakistan,
China,
Europe,
the
Arctic
—
you name it.
（
Unit 9
）
（主语改作时间状语，
宾语改作主语，
增译谓语动词）
On a smaller scale, European countries like
Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic have
also suffered serious flooding.
（
Unit 9
）
（状语改作定语，定语改作状语）
Amazingly
for
the
British,
who
love
queues,
there is no formal line- up; the bar staff are
skilled at knowing whose turn it is.
（
Unit 11
）
（单个的副词状语改为主句）
You are permitted to try to attract
attention, but there are rules about how to do
this.
（
Unit 11
）（谓语改作状语）
For example, viruses are emerging more
frequently than ever before.
（
Unit 13
）
（谓语改作主语，主语改作定语，状语改作谓语）
These are very sophisticated processes
which
often
take
place
without
the
body
’
s
owner
knowing anything about it...
（
Unit 13
）
（定语从句改作并列谓语）
The arrangement benefits both countries.
（
Unit 15
）（谓语改作宾语）
Down one ordinary street you will come upon
a genuine Shakespearean pub that still serves
beer.
（
Unit 19
）（定语从句改作谓语）
And there are odder things, such as the
unchanged Victorian lecture room where Darwin
presented
his
theory
of
evolution
to
the
world...
（
Unit 19
）（前置定语改作谓语）
4.
句式转换
One reason is that Americans view business
as being more firmly based on the ideal of
competition
than
other
institutions
in
society.
（
Unit 5
）（宾语及补足语改作句子）
Competition
in
business
is
also
believed
to
strengthen
the
idea
of
equality
of
opportunity.
（
Unit 5
）（被动句改作主动句，增译主语）
LS9 has already convinced one oil industry
veteran of its plan...
（
Unit 7
）（主动句改作
被动句，同时注意 句中单词
convince
的翻译。）
This
tip
can
be
found
in
a
booklet,
Passport
to
the
Pub:
The
Tourists
’
Guide
to
Pub
Etiquette,
a
customers
’
code
of
conduct
for
those
wanting
to sample British life and culture.
（
Unit 11
）
（名词词组改作独立句）
...the bar staff are skilled at knowing
whose turn it is.
（
Unit 11
）（主系表改作主谓
宾）
Even the flu virus can be a killer.
（
Unit 13
）
（主系表改作主谓宾）
Then there are defenses inside the body
which act as early warning systems between the
cells and the white blood cells...
（
Unit 13
）
（
there be
句型改作主谓结构）
As never before in their long history,
universities have become instruments of
national competition as well as instruments of
peace.
（
Unit 15
）
（主谓宾结构改作主题
+
述题结构）
Today foreign students earn 30 percent of
the doctoral degrees awarded in the United
States and 38 percent of those in the United
Kingdom.
（
Unit 15
）（主动句改作被动句）
Well, in addition to inventing the modem
Olympic Games, Britain also gave the world its
most popular sports.
（
Unit 17
）（主谓宾改为主
系表）
Some
of
the
players
were
dismayed
by
the
new
rules,
which
stated
that
the
ball
could
no
longer
be carried, and that kicking and grabbing your
opponent was not allowed.
（
Unit 17
）
（主从关系句改为因果关系句，
注意定语从句和主
句的关系）
I
say
to
president-elect
Bush
that
what
remains
of
partisan
rancor
must
now
be
put
aside,
2
and
may
God
bless
his
stewardship
of
this
country.
（
Unit 21
）（被动句改作主动句）
Let
there
be
no
doubt,
while
I
strongly
disagree
with
the
court
’
s
decision,
I
accept
it.
（
Unit 21
）（
there be
结构改做主谓结构）
At
certain
stops
there
are
surprises.
（
Unit
23
）
There
are
others
who
board
the
train
and
who
eventually
become
very
important
to
us,
in
turn.
（
Unit 23
）
（定语从句改为并列句）
I was with my father on a
business- and-pleasure trip, and in our leisure
hours
we
were
having
a
wonderful
time.
（
Unit
25
）
（主系表改为主谓宾）
I followed his eyes and looked across the
room
to
a
woman
who
was
setting
a
tray
of
drinks
before some customers.
（
Unit 25
）
（定语从句改做谓语）
I couldn
’
t make it. I just couldn
’
t make
it, Linda.
（
Unit 27
）
（主谓宾改做主题
+
述题结构）
But
you
didn
’
t
rest
your
mind.
Your
mind
is
overactive, and the mind is what counts, dear.
（
Unit 27
）（主系表改为主谓宾）
This agreement shall come into force and
effect
upon
signature,
seal
and
execution
by
the
parties hereto, being made in three originals,
one
to
be
held
by
each
of
the
parties,
the
third
to be submitted to competent authority for
review and approval.
（
Unit 29
）（现在分词改做
独立句，名词词组改为独立句）
5.
语序调整
President
Obama
and
his
Chinese
counterpart,
Hu Jintao, emerged from two hours of talks
Tuesday morning
„（
Unit 1
）
（后置的时间状语被移到句首）
„
it is important for both countries to
forms.
”
（
Unit 1
）
（真正的主语移到句首）
Yet
both
leaders
also
face
an
opinion
among
elites in their countries emphasizing conflict
rather than cooperation.
（
Unit 3
）
（后置定语改为前置定语）
A
Cold
War
between
them
would
bring
about
an
international
choosing
of
sides,
spreading
disputes
into
internal
politics
of
every
region
at
a
time
when
issues
such
as
nuclear
proliferation,
the
environment,
energy
and
climate
require
a
comprehensive
global
solution.
（
Unit 3
）
（句尾的时间状语移到谓语之前）
This summer has seen one of the
weather-related extremes in Russia, Pakistan,
China, Europe, the Arctic
—
you name it.
（
Unit
9
）（语义中心后置，地点状语提前）
Extreme rainfall events will also become
more frequent and intense in a warmer climate,
owing
to
another
simple
fact
of
physics:
warm
air
can hold more moisture.
（
Unit 9
）
（语义中心后置，地点状语提前）
The British are famous for inventions that
have changed the world.
（
Unit 17
）
（定语从句前置）
One of the oldest, and let
’
s face it, most
bizarre
sports
from
Britain
is
golf.
（
Unit
17
）
（主语和表语互换位置）
London is bigger, dirtier and more crowded
than one would imagine from the descriptions in
many magazines and books.
（
Unit 19
）
（状语前置，语义中心后置）
There is a small Chinatown at the heart of
the
theatre
and
cinema
district
in
Soho.
（
Unit
19
）（状语前置，语义中心后置）
Indeed,
that
history
gives
us
many
examples
of
contests
as
hotly
debated,
as
fiercely
fought,
with their own challenges to the popular will.
（
Unit 21
）（后置定语前置）
The
strength
of
American
democracy
is
shown
most clearly through the difficulties it can
overcome.
（
Unit
21
）（状语前置，语义中心后置）
We live on with the memories of their love,
affection, friendship, guidance and their
constant presence.
（
Unit 23
）
（状语前置，语
义中心后置）
We will sometimes be upset that some
passengers, whom we love, will choose to sit in
another
compartment
and
leave
us
to
travel
on
our
own.
（
Unit 23
）
（原因状语从句被移到句首，改为译句的主题）
3