高中英语重点语法-高中英语基础语法

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2021年2月1日发(作者:shoeplay)

高中英语重点语法
|
高中英语基础语


























--
高中生入党申请书】

























高中英语语法是令所有高中生都头疼的一个英语知识,
很多高中生学习高 中英语语法时都感到很吃力。那么高中英
语语法有哪些内容呢
?
下面由为大家整理的高 中英语基础语
法,希望对大家有所帮助
!




高中英语基础语法





一、词法





1
、名词







A)
、名词的数





我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可
数名词它没有复数 形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,
复数的构成如下:






)
在后面加
s
。如:
fathers, books, Americans, Germans,
apples, bananas





)x,
sh,
ch,
s,
tch
后加
es
。如:
boxes,
glasses,
dresses,
watches, wishes, faxes





)1)
以辅音字母加y
结尾的变
y

i
再加
es

如:
baby-babies,
family-families,
duty-duties,
comedy-comedies,
documentary-documentaries, story-stories




2)
以元音字母加
y
结尾的直接加
s

如:
day-days, boy-boys,


toy-toys, key-keys, ways



< br>3)

o
结尾加
s(
外来词
)
。如:
radios,
photos,
但如是辅
音加
o
的加
es
:如
: tomatoes
西红柿
, potatoes
马铃薯





4)

f

fe
结尾的变
f

v
再加
es(s)
。如:
knife-knives,
wife-wives,
half-halves,
shelf- shelves,
leaf-leaves,
yourself-yourselves




5)
单复数相同
(
不变的
)
有:
fish, sheep, deer
鹿子
, Chinese,
Japanese




6)
一般只有复数,没有单数的有:
people,
pants,
shorts,
shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks





7)
单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:


police
警察局,警察
, class
班,同学
, family
家,家庭成员





8)
合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。
如:
action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;
但如果是由man

woman
所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:
man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers




9)
有的单复数意思不同。如:
fish


fishes
鱼的种类
,
paper


papers
报纸,卷子,论文
,
work
工作

works
作品,
工厂
,
glass
玻璃

glasses
玻璃杯,眼镜
,

orange
桔子水

oranges
橙子
,
light
光线

lights

,
people


peoples
民族
,

time
时间

times
时代
,
次数
, chicken
鸡肉

chickens
小鸡





10)
单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加
s

's
。如:
Is (I's), Ks (K's)

但如是缩略词则只加
s

如:
IDs, VCDs, SARs




11)







child- children,
man-men,
woman-women,
foot- feet,
mouse-mice,
policeman-policemen,


Englishman-Englishmen




B)
名词的格





当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所
有格形式。构成如下:





1)
单数在后面加
's
。如:
brother's, Mike's, teacher's




2)
复数 以
s
结尾的直接在
s
后加
'
,如果不是以
s
结尾的
与单数一样处理。如:
Teachers'
Day
教师节
,
classmates';
Children's Day
六一节
, Women's Day
三八节





3)

and
并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或
物时,只加最后一个
's
,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处
理。如:
Mike
and
Ben's
room
迈克和本的房间
(
共住一间
)

Mike 's and Ben's rooms
迈克和本的房间
(
各自的房间
)






2
、代词





项目

人称代词

物主代词

指示代词

反身代词





人称

主格

宾格

形容词

名词性





第一人称

单数

I me my mine myself




复数

we us our ours ourselves




第二人称

单数

you you your yours yourself




复数

you you your yours yourselves






第三人称

单数

she her her hers herself




he him his his himself




it it its its this that itself




复数

they them their theirs these those themselves




3
、动词





A)
第三人称单数





当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动
词那样加
s
,如下:








)
一般在词后加
s
。如:
comes, spells, waits, talks, sees,
dances, trains





)

x, sh, ch, s, tch
后加
es

如:
watches, washes, wishes,
finishes





)01
、以辅音字母加
y
结尾的变
y

i
再加es
。如:
study-studies, hurry-hurries, try- tries




02

以元音字母加
y
结尾的直接加
s

如:
plays, says, stays,
enjoys, buys




03
、以
o
结尾加
es
。如:
does, goes




04
、特殊的有:
are- is, have-has






B)
现在分词





当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,
不能用原形,构成如下:






)
一般在后加
ing
。如:
spell- spelling,
sing-singing,
see-seeing,
train-training,
play-playing,
hurry- hurrying,
watch-watching, go-going, do-doing





)
以不发音
e
的结尾 的去掉
e
再加
ing

如:
dance-dancing,
wake-waking,
take-taking,
practice- practicing,
write-writing,
have-having





)
以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母< br>+
一个辅音字母
(
注意除开字母组合如
show
–showing,
draw- drawing)
要双写最后的辅音字母再加
ing

如:
put- putting, run-running,
get-getting, let- letting, begin-beginning







)

ie
结尾的变
ie

y
再加
ing
。如:
tie-tying


die-dying


lie-lying
位于





4
、形容词的级





我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比
较或最高级形式。构成如下:





01


一般在词后加
er

est(
如果是以
e
结尾则直接加
r
st)



greater-greatest,
shorter
–shortest,
taller
–tallest,
longer
–longest,
nicer-
nicest,
larger
-largest




02

以重读闭音节结尾且
1< br>个元音字母
+1
个辅音字母
(

母组合除外,如
fe w-fewer
fewest)
结尾的双写结尾的辅音再

er /est

如:
big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter


hottest




03
、以辅音字母
+y
结尾的变
y

i

er/est
。如:
happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly- friendlier
friendliest(more
friendly
most
friendly),
busy-busier
busiest,
easy-easier easiest




04
、特殊情况:
(
两好多坏,一少老远
)




good/well
-
better
best
many/much
-
more
most

bad/ill
– worse worst




little-
less
least
old-
older/elder
oldest/eldest
far-
farther/further farthest/furthest




5
、数词

(
基变序,有规则
;一、二、三,自己背
;
五、八、
九、
十二
;
其它后接< br>th;y
结尾,
变为
i, eth
跟上去。
) first, second,


third;
fifth,
eighth,
ninth,
twelfth;
seventh,
tenth,
thirteenth,
hundredth; twenty- twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth




二、句式





1.
陈述句





肯定陈述句





a) This is a book. (be
动词
)




b) He looks very young. (
连系动词
)




c) I want a sweat like this. (
实义动词
)






d) I can bring some things to school. (
情态动词
)




e) There's a computer on my desk. (There be
结构
)




否定陈述句





a) These aren't their books.




b) They don't look nice.




c) Kate doesn't go to No. 4 Middle School.




d) Kate can't find her doll.




e) There isn't a cat here. (=There's no cat here.)






2.
祈使句





肯定祈使句





a) Please go and ask the man.




b) Let's learn English!




c) Come in, please.




否定祈使句





a) Don't be late.






b) Don't hurry.




3.
疑问句





1)
一般疑问句





a) Is Jim a student?




b) Can I help you?




c) Does she like salad?




d) Do they watch TV?






e) Is she reading?




肯定回答
:




a) Yes, he is.




b) Yes, you can.




c) Yes, she does.




d) Yes, they do.




e) Yes, she is.




否定回答
:


a) No, he isn't.

b) No, you can't.

c) No, she doesn't.

d) No, they don't.

e) No, she isn't.

2)
选择疑问句


Is the table big or small?

It's big./ It's small.
























回答






3)
特殊疑问句





01
、问年龄

How old is Lucy? She is twelve.




02
、问种类

What
kind
of
movies
do
you
like?
I
like
action movies and comedies.




03
、问身体状况

How is your uncle? He is well/fine.




04
、问方式

How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.




How
do
we
contact
you?
My
e-mail
address
is
cindyjones@.




05
、问原因

Why do you want to join the club?






06
、问时间

What's
the
time?
(=What
time
is
it?)
It's
a
quarter to ten a.m..




What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o'clock.




When do you want to go? Let's go at 7:00.




07
、问地方

Where's my backpack? It's under the table.




08
、问颜色

What color are they? They are light blue.




What's your favourite color? It's black.




09
、问人物

Who's that? It's my sister.






Who is the boy in blue? My brother.




Who isn't at school? Peter and Emma.




Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?




10

问东西

What's this/that (in English)? It's a pencil case.




What
else
can
you
see
in
the
picture?
I
can
see
some
broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.




11
、问



What's
your
aunt's
name?
Her
name
is
Helen./She's Helen.







What's your first name? My first name's Ben.




What's your family name? My family name's Smith.




12


问哪一个

Which do you like? I like one in the box.




13


问字母

What letter is it? It's big D/small f.




14
、问价格

How
much
are
these
pants?
They're
15
dollars.




15







What's
your
phone
number?
It's
576-8349.




16


问谓语
(
动作
) What's he doing? He's watching TV
.

代表作-科比的图片


代表作-科比的图片


代表作-科比的图片


代表作-科比的图片


代表作-科比的图片


代表作-科比的图片


代表作-科比的图片


代表作-科比的图片