高一英语语法归纳总结
巡山小妖精
683次浏览
2021年02月01日 10:40
最佳经验
本文由作者推荐
秃头怎么办-死亡颂唱者
高一英语语法归纳总结
----
定语从句的归纳
—
.
几个基本概念
1.
定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2•
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的
名词或代词。
3.
定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。
4.
关系代词和关系副词）
（
1
）关系代词：
that/who/whom/which/as
（
2
）关系副词：
when/where/why
5.
之后）
6.
引导词的功能（作用）：
（
1
）
连接先行词和定语从句。
（
2
）
在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）
7.
定语从句的类型：
（
1
）
限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号
①
直接由引导词引导定语从句
The man who you
'
re talking to is my friend.
②
由介词
+
关系代词（
whom/which
）弓
|
导
The man to whom you
'
re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I n eed a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定
从句之尾。例如：
The man
（
who/whom/that
）
I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
The palace
（
which/that
）
I ofte n pay a visit to was built in the 17th cen tury.
=The palace to which I ofte n pay a visit was built in the 17th cen tury.
（
2
）
非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开
①
直接由引导词引导定语从句。
②
由介词
+
关系代词（
whom/which
）引导。
I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree sta nding at the gate, on which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③
由
代词
/
名词
+of+whom/which
”或
of which/ whom +
名词
/
代词”
（
先行词指
人用
whom,
指物用
which
）
弓丨导。
One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither,
either
等词、数词、分数或百分比与
of whom
或
of which
连用。
He has five childre n, two of whom are abroad.
（
比较：
He has five children, and two of them are abroad.
）
We have three books, none of which is/are in teresti ng.
（
比较：
We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.
）
除
why
和
that
不能引导非限定性定语从句
夕卜，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句
1 / 7
）。
，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在
）。
。
引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词
。【
as
除外】
引导词：弓
|
导定语从句的词（包括
。
一样。但要注意以下区别。
1.
在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.
非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
The engin eer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.
2 / 7
（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）
The engin eer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）
3.
内）。指人做主语时只能用
who
，
做宾语时用
whom;
指物做主语，宾语都用
which;
关系副词用
when
或
where
，也不能省略。
The man,
_____
is sitt ing on the chair, is my father.
The woma n,______
I met yesterday, is my En glish teacher.
The city, ______
is far away, is very beautiful.
He went to America,
______
his pare nts live.
He joined the Army yesterday, _____
I left, too.
4.
whose
引导非限定性定语从句：
The house, whose window faces south, is mine.
=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.
=
The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.
二
.
定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
1.
who/that
指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。
Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?
2.
whom/who/that
指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先 行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介
宾）。
①
当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。
Do you know the gen tlema n
（
whom/who/that
）
we met just now?
②
当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词
+
whom
（
指人时介词后的关系代词只能用
whom
）
。
_______
The man
（
whom/who/that
）
I spoke with is my teacher.
The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.
※注：固定的动词短语（动词
+
介词）女口
look for, take care of
等不能把动词与介词拆开，既
介词不能提至引导词前。
She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.
:
指人或物，是所有格
(
动宾或介宾
)
即先行词的什么东西怎样了，
which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.
I didn
'
t find the desk whose leg was broken.
compa ny I work is very kind.
（介宾）
/that
指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）
①
当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。
②
当作介宾时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词
+
The house which/that was destroyed in the
earthquake is weak.
which
（
指物时介词后的关系代词只能用
which
）
。
Whose+n.
—起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语
whose
不能省略。
。
Whose+n. = the +n. + of
（主语）
He is the stude nt whose pencil I broke
yesterday.
（动宾）
The boss in whose
The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.
The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.
3 / 7
The games in which the young men competed were difficult.
※注
：
介词
+
关系代词即介词< br>+whom/which(
先行词指人用
whom
，指物用
which)
。
海
指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾 语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于
“
the
same
…
as
…：
such
…
as
…：
so
…
as
…：
as
…
as
…：
as follows
”固定结构中，形式固定此
时的引
导限定性定语从句。要用
as
代替
who(m), which,
或
that
引导定语从句：
Such people as knew Hill thought he was hon est.
Such people as Hill knew thought he was hon est.
My hometow n is no Ion ger the same as it was.
Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.
The child knows as much as grow-ups (kno w).
I
'
d like to have the same books as are used in youchool.
He is not such a pers on as I expected.
He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.
※注：
which
和
as
可引导非限定性定语从句：可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，
which
和
as
都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，
有时可以互换。因此，当
as/which
指代前面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时，谓语用单数
.
Our team lost the game, as/which was reported in the n ewspaper.
She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes.
He married her, as/which was n atural.
区别：
①
as
引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、
引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。
He married her, as/which was n atural.
=As was n atural, he married her.
Mark Twin is a great writer, which/as is known to all.
=As is known to all, Mark Twin is a great writer.
②
as
引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而
which
则无此意。常用句型有：
as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected, As is known/ said/ reported/
told/ we all know
等。如：
As we all know, paper was first made in China.
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.
③
主句和从句有因果关系时，用
which.
Our class has won the football match, which made us very happy.
Bamboos are hollow, which makes them very light.
④
从句含否定意义时常用
which.
She didn
'
t pass the exam, which we couldn
She didn
'
t pass the exam, as we expected.
6.
when
关系副词：指时间。在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略。此时的
+which
替换
(
此时先行词一定是表时间的名词
)
I still remember the time when I joined the League.
=
I still remember the time on which I joined the League.
。
when
还可用介词
'
t expect.
插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；
而
which
4 / 7