初中英语 语法基础知识总结

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2021年02月01日 10:43
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excel减法函数-企业国有资产交易监督管理办法

2021年2月1日发(作者:我们知道他们在说谎)
.
初中英语

语法基础知识总结

一、名词

1
.可数名词

可数名词是指能计数事物名称的词,包括个体名词和集体名词 ,有
单、复数形式。复数名词构成法如下:


s

x
ch

sh
结尾的名词加
-es
(除
sto mach
)。

以辅音字母加
y
结尾的名词,
要变
y

-ies

但以元音字母加
y
结尾
时直接加< br>-s



f

fe
结尾的名词须直接加< br>-s
的,
如:
beliefs


proofs

f

fe

-ves
的,如:
k nives

leaves

wives

lives
thieves

wolves

shelves
, 。注意
handkerchief
的复数可直接加
-s
。也可变
f< br>为
-ves



o
结尾直接加
-s

如:
zoos

pianos

kilos

photos

autos

radios

加< br>-es
,如:
Negroes

heroes

po tatoes


复数不规则的名词,如:
man

men

woman

women

foot

feet

goose

geese

ox
oxen

child

children

toot h

teeth
等。

单复数形式一样的名词,
如:
Chinese

Japanese

sheep

de er

means

works
等。

2
.不可数名词

不可数名词一般没有单复数之分,它包括物质名词、抽象名词和专
有名词。


-ics
结尾的表示学科名称的名词一般用做单数。

某些以
-s
结尾的表示单一事物的专有名词常用做单数。

3
.名词的所有格

(1) “’s”
所有格。一般名词后加
“’s”
。如:
Tom’s brother’s bag


.
.

-s

-es
结尾的复数名词,在名词右上方加
“’”
。如:
the workers’
organization



-s
结尾的专有名词所有格,若以读音
[Z]
结尾,一般可
在名词右上方加
“’”
,也可加
“’s”
。如:
Dickens’/Dickens’s cup


如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只有后一个名词加
“’s”
;如果不是
共有的,两个名词后都要加
“’s”
。如:
Tom and Mary’s room
(共有);
Mary’s and Tom’s cups
(不共有)。

(2)
表示无生命东西的名词,
通常采用
of+
名词的结构来表示所有关
系,
总的来讲
of
所有格是
’s
所有格的一种替换形式。
如:
the class

room
of the school


(3)
表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名
词,也可以加< br>“’s”
来构成所有格。如:
t
oday’s newspaper


一、基本型

写出下列名词的复数形式:

1. pencil-box ___________ 2. wife _______ 3. Sunday________
4. city______ 5. dress _______6. Englishman ________
7. match _______ 8. Chinese ________9. zoo ________
10. exam________ 11. German __________
12. I have a lot of ________(
作业
) to do every day.
13. His _______(
裤子
) are new, but mine are old.
14. It is the best one of the _________ (
照片
) in my family.
15. Are they building any _______ (
图书馆
) in the city?
16. Can you cut this big pear into two _______(

)?
17. At the end of _______(
八月
), you must get ready for the new school
year.
.
.
二、提高型来源:

1st is ____ Day all over the world.
A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Children’sD. Childrens’

ber 10th is ___ Day in China, isn’t it?

A. Teacher’sB. Teachers’C. TeacherD. Teache
r of
_____ is made of _____.
A. Glass; glassB. A glass; glassC. Glasses; glasses D. A glass; glasses
is _______ news.
A. such a good B. a very good C. so good a D. such good
______ it is! Let’s go swimming.

A. a fine weatherB. fine dayC. a fine dayD. bad weather
like Chinese _____.
A. food and peoples B. foods and people C. foods and people D. food
and people
and I go to school _____ every day.
A. on feetB. on footC. by footsD. by buses1
7. What are you listening to, Jane? ____ or ____?
A. a music; a newsB. music; newsC. music; newsD. music; a news
many ____ and ____ are there in your class?
A. boy student; girl onesB. girls students; boys ones
C. boys student; girl oneD. girl students; boy ones
9..A group of ____ are talking with two ___ over there.
A. Frenchmen; GermansB. Frenchmen; Germen
C. German; FrenchmenD. Germans; Frenchmans
10.. That bus driver drank two _____.
A. glass of waterB. glasses of watersC. cups of teaD. cup of tea
11.. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _______.
A. Bob’s motherB. Bob’s mother’sC. mother of BobD. Bob mother’s

12.. The tall man with a big nose is _______ teacher.
A. Tom and CarlB. Tom’s and Carl’sC. Tom and Carl’s

ay a few _____ came to visit some ______ in Shantou.
A. German; places of interestB. Germans; places of interests
C. Germans; places of interestD. Germen; places of interest
autumn comes, ______ of most trees turn yellow and then fall
down.
A. leafB. leafsC. leave D. leaves
二、冠词

.
.
1
.不定冠词
a

an
表示
one

every
。如:
You have a mouth


表示某一类人、事或物,相当于
any
。如:
A spade is a tool


用于某些固定词组中。如:
a bit

a lot of


泛指某人或某物。如:
A boy is waiting for her


用在
rather

many

what
等词之后。如:
You are rather a fool


注意:名词以元音音素开头时,前面若加不定冠词,要用
“an”


2
.定冠词
the
表示上文已提到过或下文将要提到的人或事物。如:
I am very
interested in the book


表示独一无二的人或事物。
如:
the world

the sun

the moon

the earth

用在序数词、形容词最高级及对两人或物进行比较时起特定作用的
比较级前。如:
the young

the second story

the largest room


用在以
-ese

-ch

-sh
等结尾和表示国家、党派等专有名词前,以及
在江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。 如:

the Changjiang River

the Great Lake


用在方位名词前以及某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。如:
in the
west

on the right


用在形容词前表示一类人。如:
the young

the dead


在姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人,或这一姓氏的夫妇俩。如:
The
Greens are sitting at the breakfast table


.
.
用在单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或事物。如:
The horse is a
use-ful animal


在艺术、文娱活动名称前通常用定冠词。如:
go to the
cinema


3
.不加冠词

(1)
一般专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前不
加冠词。如:
America< br>,
China

Shanghai Railway Station
。但是当一个抽
象名词或物质名词被限定时,前面加
the
。如:
The milk in the bottle has
gone bad
抽象名词或物质名词前或 后加上表示其特殊性质或类别的修饰
词,
指概念的

一种



一类



一次

等时,
用 不定冠词。
如:
After a swim

he had a rest


(2)
可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所 有格等
限制时,不加冠词。如:
This book is mine


(3)
季节、
月份、
日期、
一日三餐前一般不加冠词。
如 :
Summer is the
warmest season of the year
。如果月份等被一个限定性定语修饰,就要加
冠词。如:
Jack joined the Army in the spring of 2002


(4)
表示语言学科名称、
球类运动的名词前一般不用冠词。
如:
He is
studying French in Paris
。但是在
the Chinese language

the English
lan- guage
等中要用定冠词。

(5)
在以

普通名词或 形容词最高级
+as”
开始的让步状语从句中,前
面不加冠词。如:
Shor test as he is


用适当的冠词填空,不需要冠词的空白处填
“×”

1. Tomorrow is ______ Teachers' Day and we'll make ______ card for
our English teacher.
.
.
2. The bus is running about seventy miles_____ hour.
3. Mary is interested in ______ science.
4. Some people don't like to talk at ______ table.
5. Last night I went to______ bed very late.
6. Don't worry. We still have ______ little time left.
7. What ______ beautiful day! And what ______ fine weather!
8. In ______ winter it is cold in ______ Beijing and warm in
________Shanghai.
9. John is______ cleverest boy in his class.
10. We can't live without ______ water or ______ air.
11. Tomorrow Mr. Smith will leave Paris, ______capital of______
France, for Washington by______ air.
12. We were having______ lunch when they came in.
13. This is ______ book you gave me last week.
14. What did you do ______ last Saturday?
15. March 8 is ______ Women's Day.
16. If ______ weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.
17. I prefer playing ______ piano to playing ______ basketball.
18. At ______ age of five, he read a lot of books.
19. Tom and Lucy are of ______ same age.
20. ______ harder we study, ______ more we learn.
三、数词

1
.基数词

(1) 21
99
之间的二位数由十位数加个位数再加连字符构成。如
24
可写成< br>twenty-four


(2) 101

999
之间的三位数由
hundred

and
再加二位数或末位数构
成 。加
489
可写成
four hundred and eighty- nine


(3)
表示确切数目时,基数词
hundred
thousand

million

billion
不加
s
。如
several hundred

ten million
。但是表示不确定数目时,要用
复数形式。如
hundreds of


.

excel减法函数-企业国有资产交易监督管理办法


excel减法函数-企业国有资产交易监督管理办法


excel减法函数-企业国有资产交易监督管理办法


excel减法函数-企业国有资产交易监督管理办法


excel减法函数-企业国有资产交易监督管理办法


excel减法函数-企业国有资产交易监督管理办法


excel减法函数-企业国有资产交易监督管理办法


excel减法函数-企业国有资产交易监督管理办法