初中英语一般过去时教学教材
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年02月02日 04:30
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初
英
语
一
般
过
去
时
中
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一
般
过
去
时
讲
解
与
练
习
定义
表示的是:某个动作作 发生在过去的时间里,并且这个动作已经完成了。常和表示过去的时
间状语连用。如:
last year, yesterday
等;也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常和
often,
always
等频率副词连用。
一、巧记一般过去时:
动词一般过去时,表示过去发生的事;
be
用
was
或用
were, have, has
变
had
;
谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志;一般动词加
-ed
,若是特殊得硬记。
否定句很简单,主语之后
d
idn’t
添;
疑问句也不难,
did
放在主语前;
不含
be
动词时
如果谓语之前有
did
,谓语动词需还原;
动词若是
was, were,
否定就把
not
添。
含
be
动词时
疑问句也不难,要把
was
,
were
放在主语前。
be
的一般过去时:学习动词
be
的一般过去时,下面有一口诀, 它可以帮你们更好地掌
握动词
be
的一般过去时。
be
的过去时有四巧:
一是时间状语巧,
表示过去的短语要记牢;
二是形式巧,单数
was
,复数
were
;
三巧是否定句结构,
not
紧跟
was
/
were
;
四是疑问句式巧,
was
/
were
向前跑
(
提前
)
。
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【一巧】时间状语(即标志词)巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,恰
巧与表示过去的一 些时间状语连用。
1.
yesterday
或以其构成的短语
:
yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)
等;
2.
由
“
last+
一时间名词
”
构成的短语:
last night, last year (winter, month,
week)
等;
【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样,形式多样:当主语 是第一人称单数或第三人称
单数时,谓语动词用
was
;主语是第二人称或其他人称复 数时,谓语动词用
were
。
例如:
I was in the classroom yesterday morning
.
昨天早上我在教室里。
He was at school last Tuesday
.
上周二他在学校。
They were over there a moment ago
.
刚才他们在那边。
【三巧】否定句结构 巧。与动词
be
的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加
not
即可变成否
定句,并且
was, were
与
not
可以缩写成
wasn't, weren't
。即:
主语
+
wasn't
/
weren't
+
表语
+
其他。例如:
I was not (
=
wasn't) here yesterday
.
昨天我不在这儿。
My parents were not (
=
weren't) at home last Sunday
.
上周日我父母不在家。
【四巧】
疑问句式巧。把
was, were
提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即:
Was(Were)
+
主语
+表语
+
其他?这恰巧与动词
be
的一般现在时的疑问句式相
似。例如:
Were you at home the day before yesterday
﹖
前天你在家吗?
Was she late this morning
﹖今天早上她迟到了吗?
更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似,肯定回答用
“Yes,
主语+
was
/
were
.
”
;
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否定回答用
“No,
主语+
wasn't
/
weren't
.
”
。
例如:
—
Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now
﹖
刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗?
—
Yes, they were
.
(No, they weren't
.
)
是的,她们在。(不,她们不在。)
一般过去时主要是通过谓语动词的变化来表示的。英语中每种时态都要求谓语动词进 行
相应的变化。在一般过去时里,要求谓语动词用动词“过去式”。
原形动词变为过去式,可以概括为两类:一类是规则的变化,另一类是不规则的变化。
1.
规则变化的动词过去式
规则变化的动词过去式
(1)
在词尾加
ed
或
d
英语中大部分动词过去式都 是规则变化的,即在动词后加上
ed
;如果结尾字母是不发音的
e
,则只要加 上一个
d
就行了。例如:
work-worked clean-cleaned play-played
decide- decided live-lived love-loved
(2)
以辅音字母
+y
结尾的,变
y
为
i
加
ed
study-studied hurry-hurried carry- carried
(3)
以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母再加
ed
stop-stopped drop-dropped
2.
不规则变化的动词过去式
不规则变化是指过去式不能加ed
,用另外一个词来表示。这样的不规则过去式也有很多,
只有靠一个一个去记忆了。例 如:
is/am-was are-were have/has-had
shall-should will-would can-could may- might
go-went come-came take-took
sit-sat say-said get-got swim-swam
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run- ran write-wrote sing-sang tell-told
speak-spoke begin-began break-broke < br>不规则变化中,还有少数词的过去式与原形动词完成相同;
read
的过去式只是读音改 变了。
例如:
cut-cut put-put let-let read-read [red]
keep-kept feel-felt sleep-slept sweep-swept
build-built lend-lent send-sent spend-spent
ring- rang sit-sat drink-drank sing-sang swim- swam
think-thought buy-bought bring- brought fight-fought
teach-taught catch- caught
know-knew grow-grew throw-threw draw-drew
3.
规则动词过去式的读音
在清辅音
[p] [k] [f] [s]
等后,
ed
要读
[t]
。例如:
worked, finished
在元音或浊辅音
[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]
等后,
ed
要读
[d]
。例如:
lived, called
在
[t]
或
[d]
后,
ed
读[id]
。例如:
started
,
needed
一般过去时
-
疑问句型
过去时的一般疑问句可以分为两类。
/ were,
它们的一般疑问句是将
was / were,
移到主语前面,否定句是直接在它们后 面加上
not
。例
如:
He was very busy last Friday.
He wasn't very busy last Friday.
Was he very busy last Friday? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn
’
t
2.
实义动词
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实义动词过 去式的一般疑问句,是在主语前加上
did
;否定句是在谓语动词前加上
did no t
,
并将谓语动词改为动词原形。请注意:过去时不分人称和单复数,都是加
did< br>或
did not
。
例
如:
Li Ming studied English this morning.
Did Li Ming study English this morning
?
Yes, he did. /No, he didn't.
Li Ming didn't study English this morning.
We often played badminton together.
Did you play badminton together? Yes, we did. / No, we didn't.
We didn't play badminton together.
其次,
had
作为实义动词的话,加
did
或
did not.
例如:
They had a meeting last Friday.
Did they have a meeting last Friday? Yes, they did. No, they didn't.
They didn't have a meeting last Friday.
3.
过去时的特殊疑问句
How did you find the job? I found it in the newspaper.
这工作你是怎么知道的?我从报纸上看到
的。
一般现在时要和现在的时间相联系,而一般过去时和说话的“现在”没有联系。
His father is a film director.
他父亲是电影导演。
(
他现在还是
)
His father was a film director.
他父亲曾是电影导演。
(
他现在不是
)
How do you like the novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样?
(
还在看小说
)
How did you like the novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样?
(
已看完小说
)
一般过去时
-
句型口诀
一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。
动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。
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