直接引语和间接引语用法 (完整版)

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2021年02月02日 10:31
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2021年2月2日发(作者:一年级下册数学应用题100道)
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直接引语和间接引语用法

(完整版)


一、概述

引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语
(direct speech)
。用自
己的话转述别人的话,
叫间接引语
(indirect speech)
。一般地讲,
直接引语前后要加引号,
间接引语不用引
号,而 用宾语从句来表达。

Mr. Black said,
“I'm busy.”
布菜克先生说:

我很忙

。(直接引语)

Mr. Black said
that he was busy
.
布菜克先生说他很忙。(宾语从句是间接引语)

从上例看来,< br>直接引语改为间接引语时
,
除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,
还须对直接引语中 的人称和
时态进行相应的变化,
如上例直接引语中的
I
改成了
he, am
则改成了
was

现将由直接引语改为间接引语
时应注意的问题
,
分述如下:

二、直接引语是陈述句时

直接引语如果是 陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词
that
引导(
that
在口语中常省去) ,
that
从句之前

say

tell
等动词, 从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1


人称的变化

直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应 的变化。口诀如下:
一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新

“一随主”
即把直接 引语中的第一人称
(
如:
I

me

my

mine

we

us

our
ours)
变为与主句的主语相一致的人
称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称
(you

your

yours)
变为和主句的间接宾语
(
即听话人,如无听
话人,
可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称
)
相一致的人称。
“第三人称不更新”
即直接引语中的第三人

(he

him

his

she

her

hers,it

its,they,their

theirs< br>,
them)
变为间接引语时,人称不变。

一随主:


He said , “
I

like

it

very much.”
他说:

我非常喜欢它



→He said
that

he

liked

it
very much.
他说他非常喜欢它。
(I
改为
he, it
不变
)


They said ,

our parents often go shopping with us.



They said their parents often go shopping with them.
二随宾
:

He said, “
You

told

me

this story.”
他说:

你给我讲过这个故事。



He said that
I

had told

him
that story.
他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(You
改为
I, me
改为
him, told


had told)


She said to Mary ,

How is your brother now?



She asked Mary how her brother was then.
第三人称不更新
:

He said to me, “
She’s
left
her
book in
your

room”.
他对我说:

她把书放在你 的房
间里去了。


He told me that
she had
left
her
book in
my
room.
他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。

She’s→she had


her
不变,
your→my



Mr White said,

Hand is a good worker.



Mr White said Hand was a good worker.
直接引语

间接引语

2


时态的变化

一般现在时

一般过去时

直接引语变为间接引语时,
从句的时态要作出相应的变化,当主句为一般现在时,从句可以是任何时态;当主句为一般过
现在进行时

过去进行时

去时,从句必须为过去时的某个时态。即“主过从过,主现从
现在完成时

过去完成时

任”。情态动词也要变成相应的过去式:

一般过去时

过去完成时

Can

could

may



might

must


must/had to
过去完成时

过去完成时
(
不变
)

1
)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时

一般将来时

过去将来时

如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,
直接引语变间接引语时,
一般将来进行时

过去将来进行时

从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间
一般将来完成时

过去将来完成时

接引语时
,
动词时态相应变化表:


He said, “I usually
watch

TV on Sunday.”
他说:

我常在星期天看电视



.
.
→He said that he usually
watched
TV on Sunday.
他说他常在星期天看电视。


He said, “I'
m using

the knife.”
他说:

我正在用小刀。


→He said that he
was using
the knife.
他说他正在用小刀。


She said, “I
have not heard

from him since May.”
她说:

自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。


→She said that she
had not
heard from him since May.
她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。


He said

“I
came

to help you.”
他说:

我来帮助你。


→He said that
he had come
to help me.
他说他来帮助我。


He said, “I
had finished
my homework before
supper.”
他说:

晚饭前我己做完了作业。


→He said that he
had finished
his homework before supper.
他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。


Zhou Lan said, “I'
ll do

it after class.”
周兰说:

下课后我就去做。


→Zhou Lan said that she
would do
it after class.
周兰说下课后她就去做。


He said,“I
shall be doing
my homework then
.”
他说:

那时我将正在做作业。


→He said that he
should be doing
his homework then.
他说那时他将正在做作业。


He said, “We
shall have finished

the work by that time.”
他说:

我们将在那时以前完成工作。


→He said that they
should have finished
the work by that time.
他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。

注意:直接引语如果是客观真理、名人 名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时,变为间接
引语时,时态不变。


The teacher said, “The earth
is

round. ”
老师说:

地球是圆的。


→The teacher said that the earth
is

round.
老师说地球是圆的。


He said, “I
was

born in Shangdong in 1965.”

他说
: “

1965
年生于山东。


→He said that he
was
born in Shangdong in 1965.
他说他
1965
年生于山东。


He said, “Columbus
discovered

America in 1492.”
他说:

哥伦布在
1492
年发现了美洲。


→He said Columbus
discovered
America in 1492.
他说哥伦布在
1492
年发现了美洲。


2
)主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时

如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一律不变


He says, “I
finished

the work.”
他说:

我做完工作了。


He says that he
finished
the work.
他说他做完工作了。


He will say, “I
have watered

the flowers.”

他会说:

我己经浇花了。


He will say he
has watered
the flowers.
他会说他己经浇花了。

3
、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化







见下表:


指示代词

直接引语

this/these
now
today
tonight
this week (month…)

时间状语

yesterday
last week (month…)

two weeks (month)ago
tomorrow
next week (month…)

地点状语





here
come
bring
间接引语

that/those
then
that day
that night
that week (month…)

the day before
the week (month…)before

two weeks (months)before
the next day
the next week (month…)

there
go
take

He said, “I met Mr. Smith
this

morning.”
他说

我今天早晨见到史密斯了。


.

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