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2021年2月2日发(作者：大家好我是vae)




直
接
语
和
间
接
总
结
归
纳

语
引
引
精品文档

直接引语和间接引语

考点
1
、人称的变化

1
）
“
一随主”
。直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：

He said
，
“I am very sorry.”
→He said that he was very sorry.

2
）
“
二随宾
”
。直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，

转换为第一人称
“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.

→My father told me that I
should be more careful the next time.
3
）
“
三不变
”
。直接引语中第二人称，如 果原话是针对第三人称说，转换成第三人称。

如：

She said to her son, “she'll check his homework tonight.”

→She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.

4
）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：

He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?”

→He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.

考点
2
、时态的转换


直接引语改为间接引语 时，
主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时
，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相< br>应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：

直接引语

→
间接引语

一般现在时
→
一般过去时

一般过去时
→
过去完成时

现在进行时
→
过去进行时

过去完成时
→
过去完成时

现在完成时
→
过去完成时

过去进行时
→
过去进行时

一般将来时
→
过去将来时

例如：

“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. →She said she was very glad to visit our school.

Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” →Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.

从句时态无须改变的情况
:
1
）当
主 句的谓语动词
是
一般现在时
/
将来时
的时候，如：

He always says, “I am tired out.” →He always
says
that he
is tired
out.
He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.” →He will say that h
e will try his best to help me.
3
）当直接引语部分带有
具体的过去时间状语时
，如：

(
优化方案
p11
语法专练
2)
He said, “I went to college in 1994.” →He told us that he went to college
in 1994.
4
）直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。

5
）直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯的动作，时态不不变。

He said, “I get up at sit every morning.”→He said he gets up at sit every morning.”

6
）当直接引语中有以
when, while
，
since
引导的从句，只改变主句时态，从句时态不变
，如：
1. He said
，
“When I
was a child, I
usually
played football after school.” →He said that when he
was
a child, he usually
played
football after school.
2. Mr. Gree
n said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”

→Mr. Green told them that Joe
had told
me all about his story when he asked for a job.
6
）当直接引语是
客观真理或自然现象
;
谚语、格言
时，如：

Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” →Our
teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
He said
，
“Practice makes perfect.” →He said that practice makes perfect.

7
）当直接引语中有情态动词
should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need
时
,
保
持不变。例如：

The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” →The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.

He said, “She must be a teacher.”→ He said that she must be a teacher.

He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”→ He said that she ought to have arrived
her office by then.
The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”

→ The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.

She asked, “
Must

I take the medicine?” → She asked if she
had to
take the medicine.
〔注〕：此处用
had to
代替
must
更好

考点
4
：指示代词、时间、地点状语和动词变化

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精品文档

1
）时间状语：

直接引语
→
间接引语

now→ then

tomorrow →the next
（
following
）
day
today→ that day

next week →the next
（
following
）
week
（
month,
year
）

yesterday →the day before

two days ago→ two days before
last week
（
month, year
）
→the week
（
month, year
）
before
this week→ that week
（
month, year
）

2
）指示代词：
these
变成
those 3
）地点状语：
here
变成
there 4
）动词：< br>come
变成
go
，
bring
变成
take
She said, “I won't come here any more.”→She said that she wouldn’t go there any more..

注意：如果
当地转述
，
here
不必改为
there, < br>动词
come
不必改为
go
，如果
当天转述
yest erday, tomorrow, this afternoon
等均不必改变。如：

She said to us, “I’ll come here tomorrow.”
→She told us she would come here tomorrow.

考点
5
、语序的变化

1
）陈述句。
用连词
that
引导，
that
在口语中常省略。
主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的
said,
也可用
told
来代替，注
意，
可以说
said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that
，不可直接说
told that,

如：

He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.”
→He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.

此外主句中的谓语还常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think
等，又如：

He said
，
“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”
（根据句意理解改动词）
→He explained to us that he was late because of
the heavy traffic.
如果间接引语是
由
that
引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，
第一 个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混
乱。

The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”→ The doctor said
（
that
）
I was not seriously ill and
that
I
would be better soon.
2
）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用
连词
whether< br>或
if
引导
，原主句中谓语动词
said
要改
为asked
（
me/him/us
等）
，语序是
陈述句的语序< br>。

He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”

→He asked
（
me
）
whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
3
）

直接引语为
选择疑问句
，间接引语用
whether…or…
表达， 而不用
if…or…
，也不用
either…or….
如：

He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”→He asked me whether I spoke English or French.
4
）直接引语为特殊疑问句，原来的
疑问词作为间接引语的连词
，主句的谓语动词 用
ask
（
sb.
）来表达，语序改为
陈述
句语序
。如：

He asked
，
“What's your name?”→ He aske
d
（
me
）
what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”

→ He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.

注意
1
：本身特殊疑问代词做主语语序不变。

My head teacher said:“who likes reading in the park?”→My head teacher a
sked
who liked reading in the park.
注意
2
：

1.
What’ the matter (with you)?

2. What’s wrong (with you)?(
语序不变
)
3. What’s the trouble (with you)?
（语序要变）

5
）直接引语为祈 使句时，改为间接引语，用带
to
的不定式表达，谓语动词常是
ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request
等。如
ask sb. to do
，（由肯定祈使句变成）
ask sb. not to do
（ 由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状
语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。

He said
，
“Be seated, please.” → He asked us to be seated.


“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. →The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.

“Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said.

→The teacher
warned the students not to
touch anything in the lab without permission.
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