英语专四阅读训练
北京雾霾图片-家喻户晓的拼音
实用文档
阅读技巧及应试策略
第一节
常用阅读技巧及运用范例
阅读理解是一个复杂的感知和理解语言的过程，但这并不意味着其无章可循。心理学、心
理语言学、
认知科学等学科的研究结果表明，
理
解的过程实际上就是我们将新信息与大脑中已
有的认知结构相互匹配、相互作用的过程<
/p>
(
被称为“解码”
)
。阅读者将新信息与已知信息建立
联系，
进行判断、
猜测、
思考，
最终达到理解的目的。
阅读者对相关的知识和经验掌握得越多，
理解起来就会变得越轻松。
因此，
阅读的过程实际上是一个形式上由细节到把握总体思想，
内
容上由总体思想指导理解细节的双向并行的处理过程，
两者缺一不可。
与之相对应的阅读常用
技巧与步骤
即可分为浏览试题、略读
(skimming)
、扫读
(scanning)
以及回查等几种，下面分别加
以介绍。
一、浏览试题以明确目标
在进行
阅读之前，首先浏览短文后面的试题。在看完
Section
A
选择题的题干和四个选项
以及
Sec
tion B
简答题的题干后，分析掌握每个试题考查的内容和题型
(
推理题、细节题、主旨
题等
)<
/p>
，以便带着问题有目标地阅读短文，根据相应的解题技巧从中寻找正确答案，例如下面
这道真题：
85
．
What is the
main idea of the passage?
A. Public
speaking in international forums.
B. Public speaking in daily
life context.
C. The many uses of public
speaking.
D.
The rules of public speaking.
通过浏
览此题，
可以明显看出此题属于主旨题，
需要考生重点关注短文
的前几段中对主题
的描述与说明，从而把握作者通篇所表达的观点和所持的态度。
The art of public speaking
began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago. Now,
twitter, instant
messaging,
e
—
mail, blogs and chat
forums offer rival approaches to communication--
but none can
replace the role of a
great speech.
The spoken word can handle
various vital functions: persuading or inspiring,
informing, paying
tribute,
entertaining, or simply introducing someone or
something or accepting something.
Over the past year, the human voice has
helped guide US over the ups and downs of what was
certainly a stormy time.
Persuasion is used in dealing with or
reconciling different points of view. When the
leaders met
in
Copenhagen
in
December
2009,
persuasive
words
from
activists
encouraged
them
to
commit
themselves to firmer action.
Inspirational speeches
confront the emotions. They focus on topics and
matters that are close
.
实用文档
to
people
’
s
hearts
．
During wars, generals
used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for
battle.
A speech that conveys
knowledge and enhances understanding can inform
us. The information
must
be
clear,
accurate,
and
expressed
in
a
meaningful
and
interesting
way.
When
the
H1
N1
pandemic
(
流行病
)
was
announced,
the
idea
of
“
swine
flu
”
(
猪流感
)
scared
many
people.
Informative
speeches
from
World
Health
Organization
officials
helped
people
to
keep
their
panic
under control so they could take
sensible precautions.
Sad events are
never easy to deal with but a speech that pays
tribute to the loss of a loved one
and
gives praise for their contribution can be
comforting. Madonna
’
s speech
about Michael Jackson,
after his death,
highlighted the fact that he will continue to live
on through his music.
It
’
s
not
only
in
world
forums
where
public
speaking
plays
an
important
role.
It
can
also
be
surprisingly helpful in
the course of our own lives.
If
you're taking part in a debate you need to
persuade the listeners of the soundness of your
argument. In sports, athletes know the
importance of a pep talk
(
鼓舞士气的讲话
) before a match
to inspire teammates. You yourself may
be asked to do a presentation at college or work
to inform
the others about an area of
vital importance.
On
a more personal level, a friend may be upset and
need comforting. Or you might be asked
to
introduce
a
speaker
at
a
family
event
or
to
speak
at
a
wedding,
where
your
language
will
be
needed to
move people or make them laugh.
Great
speaking
ability
is
not
something
we
’
re
born
with.
Even
Barack
Obama
works
hard
to
perfect every speech. For a brilliant
speech, there are rules that you can put to good
use
．
To learn
those roles you have to practice and
learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.
解题点拨：
在第一、二段提出本文主旨后，作者就逐一介绍
public
speaking
的重要作用：
Persuasion is
used
in
dealing
with
or
reconciling
different
points
of
view
；
Inspirational
speeches
confront
the
emotions
；
A speech
that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding
can inform us
；
Sad events
are never easy to deal with but a
speech
…；
It can also be
surprisingly helpful in the course of our
own lives
．由此可知，
C<
/p>
能够概括全文主旨，故为正确答案。
二、通过略读（
skimming
）全
文以掌握主旨
略读
(s
kimming)
又称“跳读”
(reading and s
kipping)
或“浏览”
(glancing)
，是一种专门的、
非常实用的快速阅读方法，
其主
要特征是有选择性地阅读，
其目的有二：
一是以尽可能快的速<
/p>
度获取文章主旨大意或中心思想；二是辨识文体，掌握结构
(
如果是记叙文，就要了解故事发
生的时间、地点、背景和人物活动等
主要线索；如果是论述文，就要弄清文章的中心论点及论
述内容
)
。换句话说，略读要求读者有选择性地进行阅读，跳过某些细节，以抓住文章的大意，
.
实用文档
从而加快阅读速度。其具体做法如下：
(1)
利用印刷细节，如文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑
体词、标点符号等，对
文章进行预测，从而了解作者的思路、行文模式，以便把握住主旨
、有关的细节及其相互间的
关系。
(2)
重点关注文章开头，力求抓住文章大意、文章背景、作者的写作风格、口吻或语气等。<
/p>
(3)
阅读段落的主题句和结论句。
抓住主题句，略去细节不读，以求提高速度
=
段落过长时
可适当阅读其中某一到两行，以强化理解。
(4)
注意转折词和序列词等起衔接作用的标志词。
下面以一篇英语阅读短文为例来说明略读的妙用：
以下文章只需阅读画线的部分即可，
其余细节可略去不读。
There
are
superstitions
attached
to
numbers;
even
those
ancient
Greeks
believed
that
all
numbers
and their multiples had some mystical
significance
．
Those
numbers
between
1
and
13
were
in
particular
to
have
a
powerful
influence
over
the
affairs of men.
For example, it is commonly said that
luck, good or bad, comes in three: if an accident
happens,
two more of the same kind may
be expect soon afterwards. The arrival of a letter
will be followed
by two others within a
certain period.
Another
belief
involving
the
number
three
has
it
that
it
is
unlucky
to
light
three
cigarettes
from the one
match. If this happens, the bad luck that goes
with the deed falls upon the person
whose cigarette was the last to be lit.
The ill-omen linked to the lighting of three
things from one
match
or
candle
goes
back
to
at
least
the
17
th
century
and
probably
earlier.
It
was
believed
that
three
candles
alight
at
the
same
time
would
be
sure
to
bring
bad
luck;
one,
two,
or
four,
were
permissible, but never just three.
Seven was another
significant number, usually regarded as a bringer
of good luck. The ancient
astrologers
believed that the universe was governed by seven
plants; students of Shakespeare will
recall
that
the
life
of
man
was
divided
into
seven
ages.
Seven
horseshoes
nailed
to
a
horse
will
protect it from all
evil.
Nine is usually
thought of as a lucky number because it is the
product of three times three. It
was
much used by the Anglo-Saxons in their charms for
healing.
Another belief
was that great changes occurred every
7
th
and
9
th
of a
man
’
s life. Consequently,
the age of 63 (the product of nine and
seven) was thought to be a very perilous time for
him. If he
survived his
63
rd
year he might hope to
live to a ripe old age.
Thirteen, as we well know, is regarded
with great awe and fear.
The
common belief is that this derives from the fact
that there were 13 people at
Christ
’
s Last
.
实用文档
Supper. This
being the eve of his betrayal, it is not difficult
to understand the significance given to
the number by the early Christians.
In modern times 13 is an
especially unlucky number of a dinner party, for
example. Hotels will
avoid numbering a
floor the 13
th
; the
progression is from 12 to 14, and no room is given
the number
13. Many home owners will
use 12
1
/2
instead
of 13 as their house number.
Yet oddly enough, to be born on the
13
th
of the month is not
regarded with any fear at all,
which
just shows how irrational we are in our
superstitious beliefs.
解题点拨：
通过略读各段的主题句可知，本文主要讲诉数字与迷信。全文为“总
-
分
-
总”结构，第
< br>一段指出中心议题“数字被赋予了迷信的含义”，下文各段举例说明一些数字的迷信含义，最
后一段表明作者的态度。文章后的题目为：
1.
According to
the passage, which of the following groups of
numbers will certainly bring good
luck to people?
A. 3 and 7
B. 3 and 9
C. 7 and 9
D. 3 and 13
解析：
选
C
。
通过略读第五、
六段的开头句
Seven
was another significant number, usually regarded
as a bringer of good
luck.
和
Nine is usually
thought of as a lucky number...
便可得出正确答案
为
C
。
2.
The ill luck
associated with 13 is supposed to have its origin
in
.
A.
legend
B. religion
C. popular belief
D. certain
customs
解析：选
B
。通过略读第八段的
Thirteen, as we well
know, is regarded with great awe and
fear.
和
第九段的
The
common belief is that this derives from the fact
that there were 13 people at
Christ
’
s
Last Sup
per.
便可得知
B
为正确答案。
3.
What
is the author
’
s attitude
towards people
’
s
superstitious beliefs?
A.
He is mildly critical.
B. He is
strongly critical.
C. He is in favor of
them.
D.
His attitude is not clear.
解析：选
< br>A
。略读全文最后一段
Yet
oddly
enough,
to
be
born
on
the
13
th
of
the
month
is
not
regarded
with any fear at all, which just shows how
irrational we are in our superstitious beliefs.
即
可知，作者的态度为
A
< br>。
三、通过扫读（
scanning
）定位以获取特定、关键信息
扫读（
scanning
）又称“寻读
”或“查读”，同略读一样是一种快速阅读技巧。它是一种
从大量的资料中迅速查找某一
个具体事实或某一个特定信息，如人物、事件、地点、数字等，
而对其他不相关内容略去
不读的快速阅读方法。
运用这种方法，
读者就能在最短的时间内
略过
尽可能多的阅读材料，找到所需要的信息。这种方法一般可应用于事实
3
细节题的查找中。
作为
一种快速寻找信息的阅读技巧，扫读既要求速度，又要求准确。具体地说，扫读带有
.
实用文档
明确的目的性，有针对性地
选择问题的答案。因此，可以把整段的文字直接映入大脑中，不必
逐字逐句过目。视线在
阅读材料上掠过时，一旦发现相关的内容，就要稍作停留，将它记住或
摘录下来，从而既
保证扫读的速度，又做到准确无误。扫读与略读不同。略读时，读者事先对
材料一无所知
；
而扫读则是读者在略读之后，
根据已知的文章大意与结构，<
/p>
按照题目要求确定
所需特定、关键信息的位置，从而找到正确答案
。例如，英语专业四级考试中曾出现过这样一
道题：
According to the passage,
“
...spring cleaning is a
difficult notion for modern families to
grasp
”
means that
spring cleaning
.
A.
is no longer
an easy practice to understand
B.
is no longer
part of modern family life
C.
requires more
family members to be involved
D.
calls for more
complicated skills and knowledge
原文如下：
I know when I know when the snow melts
and the first robins (
知更鸟
)
come to call, when
the
laughter
of
children
returns
to
the
parks
and
playgrounds,
something
wonderful
is
about
to
happen.
Spring cleaning.
I
’
ll
admit
spring
cleaning
is
a
difficult
notion
for
modern
families
to
grasp.
Today
’
s
busy
families hardly have
time to load the dishwasher, much less clean the
doormat. Asking the family to
spend
the
weekend
collecting
winter
dog
piles
from
the
melting
snow
in
the
backyard
is
like
announcing there will be no more Wi-Fi.
It interrupts the natural order.
“
Honey, what say we spend
the weekend beating the rugs, sorting through the
boxes in the
basement and painting our
bedroom a nice lemony
yellow?
”
I say.
“
Can we at least wait until
the NBA matches are over?
”
my husband answers.
But
I tell my family, spring cleaning
can
’
t wait. The temperature
has risen just enough to melt
snow
but
not
enough
for
Little
League
practice
to
start.
Some
flowers
are
peeking
out
of
the
thawing ground, but
there is no lawn to seed, nor garden to tend.
Newly wakened from our
winter
’
s
hibernation(
冬眠
),
yet still needing extra blankets at night, we open
our windows to the first fresh
air
floating on the breeze and all of the natural
world demanding
“
Awake and
be clean!
”
Biologists offer a theory
about this primal impulse to clean out every
drawer and closet in the
house
at
spring
’
s first
light,
which has to
do
with
melatonin, the
sleepytime
hormone
(
激素
)
our
bodies produce when
it
’
s dark. When
spring
’
s light comes, the
melatonin diminishes, and suddenly
we
are awakened to the dusty, virus-filled house
we
’
ve been hibernating in
for four months.
I
tell my family about the science and psychology of
a good healthy cleaning at
spring
’
s arrival.
.
实用文档
I speak to them about
life
’
s greatest rewards
waiting in the removal of soap scum from
the bathtub, which
hasn
’
t been properly cleaned
since the first snowfall.
“
I
’
ll
do it,
”
says the eldest
child, a 21-year-old college student who lives at
home.
“
You
will? Wow!
”
I exclaim.
Maybe
after
all
these
years,
he
’
s
finally
grasped
the
concept.
Maybe
he
’
s
expressing
his
rightful
position
as
eldest
child
and
role
model.
Or
maybe
he
’
s
going
to
Florida
for
a
break
in
a
couple of
weeks and he
’
s being nice to
me who is the financial-aid officer.
No matter. Seeing my adult son
willingly cleaning that dirty bathtub gives me
hope for the future of
his 12-year-old
brother who, instead of working, is found to be
sleeping in the seat of the window
he
is supposed to be cleaning.
“
Awake and be
clean!
”
I say.
解题点拨：
在通读全文的基础上，考
生通过扫读可知，本文主要谈论现代家庭对待春季大扫除的态度
以及作者自己家一次大扫
除的过程。
扫读后可将题干中的
“
...spring cleaning is a
difficult notion
for
modern
families
to
grasp
”
定位到文章第三段第一句，然后再细读后面的句子
Today
’
s
busy
families hardly have
time to load the dishwasher, much less clean the
doormat. Asking the family to
spend
the
weekend
collecting
winter
dog
piles
from
the
melting
snow
in
the
backyard
is
like
announcing there will be no more Wi-Fi.
可以看出，
这里是说人们不理解为什么要进行春季大扫
除，故
A
为正确答案。
四、回查难点以确保无误
“回查”是指考生在时间允许的情况下，对于把握不大或较难的试题（如概括归纳题、作
者意图题等）
，
将所给出的选项与原文中对应的
部分进行仔细比较、
反复推敲，
从而得出结论。
考生要尽量避免主观臆断，要在文中有关段落找到支撑的论据，以确保答案准确无误。
< br>
五、克服不良阅读习惯
<
/p>
除了上文提到的阅读技巧外，
绝大多数考生在阅读速度方面还必须
努力克服以下不良阅读
习惯，从而达到加快阅读速度、提高理解效率的最终目的。
1.
“指读”。
用手指或笔尖指着文章逐词阅读以期“集中注意力”。一旦遇到生词便停顿
下来，便无法
在通篇理解的基础上继续进行阅读理解。
2.
“唇读”。出声地阅读，或即使
不出声嘴唇也在动，大脑中仍在“读”，无形中降低大
脑的思考速度。
< br>
3.
“回读”。在阅读中遇
到生词或不熟悉的短语时，返回句首甚至段首重读。
.
实用文档
4.
“译读”。在阅读过程中，进行
逐词逐句的翻译，通过译成母语来辅助理解。
六、样题示例
下面以最新考纲样题中
的两篇阅读样题为例，进一步说明上述阅读方法。
先来看下最新考纲样题中的第二篇阅读文章：
Section A:
Passage Two
I was a second-year medical
student at the university, and was on my second
day of rounds at
a
nearby
hospital.
My
university
’
s
philosophy
was
to
get
students
seeing
patients
early
in
their
education.
Nice
idea,
but
it
overlooked
one
detail:
second-year
students
know
next
to
nothing
about medicine.
Assigned
to
my
team
that
day
was
an
attending
–
a
senior
faculty
member
who
was
there
mostly
to
make
patients
feel
they
weren
’
t
in
the
hands
of
amateurs.
Many
attendings
were
researchers
who
didn
’
t
have
much
recent
hospital
experience.
Mine
was
actually
an
arthritis
specialist. Also along was a resident
(the real boss, with a staggering mastery of
medicine, at least to
a rookie like
myself). In addition, there were two interns
(
住院实习医生
). These guys were
just as
green as I was, but in a
scarier way: they had recently graduated from the
medical school, so they
were
technically MDs.
I
began the day at 6:30am. An intern and I did a
quick check of our eight patients; later, we
were to present our findings to the
resident and then to the attending. I had three
patients and the
intern had the other
five
–
piece of cake.
But when I arrived in the
room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams, he was sitting up
in bed, sweating
heavily and panting
(
喘气
).
He
’
d just had a hip
operation and looked terrible. I listened to his
lungs
with my stethoscope, but they
sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital
signs and saw that
his respiration and
heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature
was steady. It didn
’
t seem
like
heart failure, nor did it appear
to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he
thought was going
on.
“
It
’
s
really hot in here, Doc,
”
he
replied.
So I attributed
his condition to the stuffy room and told him the
rest of the team would return
in a few
hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.
At 8:40 am., during our
team meeting,
“
Code Blue
Room 307!
”
blared from the
loudspeaker.
I froze.
That was Mr.
Adams
’
s room.
When we arrived, he was motionless.
The autopsy
(
尸体解剖
) later found Mr. Adams
had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism
.
实用文档
(
肺部栓塞
). A blood
clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his
lungs, and cut his breathing
capacity
in
half.
His
symptoms
had
been
textbook:
heavy
perspiration
and
shortness
of
breath
despite clear lungs.
The only thing was: I hadn
’
t
read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was
too
scared, insecure, and proud to ask
a real doctor for help.
This mistake has haunted me for nearly
30 years, but what
’
s
particularly frustrating is that the
same medical education system persists.
Who knows how many people have died or suffered
harm
at the hands of students as naive
as I, and how many more will?
第一步：略读全文，掌握主旨大意。
本文作者主要对现行的医疗体制表示了担忧，提出了批评。第一段简要介绍了“我”到医
院实习的基本情况。
第二段介绍了医院医疗小组医生的真实实力，
暗示了作者对这种状况的担
忧。
第三段介绍了自己当值的基本
情况。
第四至十段讲述了自己经历的一个真实病例。
第十一
段介绍了病人死亡的情况，
并分析了自己的过失。
< br>最后一段总结全文，
对现行的医疗教育体制
表示担忧，并
提出批评。
第二步：通过扫读、回
查等方法，仔细比较、辨别选项，寻找正确答案。
44.
We learn that
the author
’
s team members
had
.
A.
much practical
experience
B. adequate knowledge
C. long been working there
D. Some professional
deficiency
解析：
选
D<
/p>
。
根据题干关键词
team
members
定位至第二段。
该段第二句
Many
attendings were
researchers
who
didn
’
t
have
much
recent
hospital
experience.
< br>指出主治医生实践经验方面的缺
陷。该段最后一句又提到
These guys were just as green as I was, but in a
scarier way: they had
recently
graduated from the medical school, so they were
technically MDs.
说明名义上已经取得
医生
头衔的住院实习医生，实际上名不符实，也存在知识上的缺陷，可见，
D
是对原文意思的
正确理解，故为答案。
45.
“
His symptoms had been
textbook
”
means that his
symptoms were
.
A.
part of the
textbook
B. no longer in the
textbook
C. Recently included in the
textbook
D.
explained in the textbook
解析：选
D
。由题干定位至第十一段。该段第三句中的冒号后面指出
heavy
perspiration
and
shortness of breath despite clear
lungs,
即大量出汗、呼吸困难但肺部清晰，这是教科书对这种
< br>症状的记载，本段第二句则说明了这种症状的成因，而第四句提到
I
hadn
’
t read that chapter in
the textbook yet,
即
“我”还没有读到教科书的这个章
节。综合看来，这种症状背后的成因在
教科书中有所解释，作者之所以不知道，是因为他
还没有读到此处，故
D
为正确答案。
46.
At
the
end
of
the
passage,
the
author
expresses
about
the
medical
education
system.
.
实用文档
A. optimism
B.
hesitation
C. concern
D. support
解析：
选
C
。
根据题干定
位至最后一段。
该段首句后半部分说
what
< br>’
s particularly is that the same
medical education system persists,
即尤其令人失望的是同样的医疗教育体制还在延续，可见，
作者并不赞同
现行的医学教育体制，故可排除
A
和
D
。而作者在该句中用了
frustrating
一词，
又在最后一句提出疑问
Who knows how many
people have died or suffered harm at the hands of
students as naive as I, and how many
more will?
即谁知道又有多少人在像我这样一个没经验的
< br>学生手上丧命或受到伤害，
将来还会有多少人遭此噩运？可见，
< br>作者对这种体制的态度非常关
注，
甚至是担忧，而非怀疑，因此
C
比
B
更准确，故为答案。
Section B
Passage Two
52.
Why was the
author doing rounds in a hospital?
答案：
It was part of his
medical training.
解析：
根据题干中的
doing
rounds in a hospital
定位至第一段。
该段第二句说
My
university
’
s
philosophy was to get students seeing
patients early in their education.
即我们大
学的逻辑是在学
生受教育期间尽早地见到病人。可见，作者参与医院当值是大学的统一安
排，因此，这应该是
作者大学医科训练的一部分，故答案为
It
was part of his medical
training
。
再来看下最新考纲样题中的第四篇阅读文章：
Section A
Passage Four
Attachment
Parenting
is
not
Indulgent
Parenting. Attachment
parents do
not
“<
/p>
spoil
”
their
children. Spoiling is done when a child
is given everything that they want regardless of
what they
need
and
regardless
of
what
is
practical.
Indulgent
parents
give
toys
for
tantrums(
发脾气<
/p>
)
，
ice
cream for breakfast
Attachment parents
don't
give
their
children
everything
that they
want, they
give their children everything that
they need. Attachment parents believe that love
and comfort are
free and necessary. Not
sweets or toys.
Attachment Parenting is not
“
afraid of
tears
”
parenting. Our kids
cry. The difference is that we
understand that tantrums and tears come
from emotions and not manipulation. And our
children
understand this too. They cry
and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they
do this because
their
emotions
are
so
overwhelming
that
they
need
to
get
it
out
They
do
not
expect
to
be
our babies when they cry,
and we respond to the tears of our older children
because we believe
firmly that comfort
is free, love is free, and that when a child has
need for comfort and love, it is our
job to provide those things. We are not
afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold our
children
through them and teach them
that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here
to comfort them
.
实用文档
and help
them work through their emotions.
Attachment Parents is not Clingy
Parenting. I do not cling to my children. In fact,
I'm pretty
free-range
. As
soon as they can move they usually move away from
me and let me set up a chase as
they
crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to
explore the world. Sure, I carry them and hug
them and chase them and kiss them and
rock than and sleep with them. But this is not me
following
them everywhere and pulling
them back to me. This is me being
a
home base. The
“
attachment
”
comes from their
being allowed to attach to us, not from us
attaching to than like parental leeches.
Attachment
Parenting
is
not
Selfish
Parenting.
It
is
also
not
selfless
parenting.
We
are
not
doing it for us, and we
are not doing it to torment ourselves.
Attachment parenting is not Helicopter
Parenting. I don't hover. I supervise. I follow, I
teach, I
demonstrate, I explain. I
don't slap curious hands away. I show how to do
things safely. I let my child
do the
things that my child wishes to do, first with help
and then with supervision and finally with
trust. I don't insist that my 23 month
old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk
because I
know I can recall him with my
voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore
and he trusts me
to explain when
something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his
curiosities safely.
Most
of
the
negative
things
that
I
hear
about
“
attachment
parents
”
are
completely
off-base
and
describe
something
that
is
entirely
unlike
Attachment
Parenting.
Attachment
Parenting
is
child-centric and focuses on the needs
of the child. Children need structure, rules, and
boundaries.
Attachment Parents simply
believe that the child and the parent are allies,
not adversaries. And that
children are
taught, not trained.
第一步：略读全文，掌握主旨大意。
本文的主题是“亲密育儿法”和“溺爱育儿法”进行对比，找出这两种育儿法的差别。第
二段介绍了“亲密育儿法”的特点。第三至第五段将“亲密育儿法”和“粘人育儿法”“自私
育儿法”以及“直升机式育儿法”进行了对比。最后一段继续总结“亲密育儿法”的特点。
< br>
第二步：通过扫读、回查等方法，仔细比较、辨别选
项，寻找正确答案。
49. According to
the author, what should parents do when their kids
cry?
A. Providing comfort and love.
B.
Trying to stop kids crying.
C. Holding
them till they stop.
D. Rewarding kids with
toys.
解析：
选
A
。
根据题干关键词
parents
和
their kids cry
定位至第二段。
该段第八句提到：
We
pick
up our babies when they cry, and
we respond to the tears of our older children
because we believe
firmly that comfort
is free, love is free, and that when a child has
need for comfort and love, it is our
job to provide those things.
即当孩子哭的时候，他们需要的是安慰和爱，而作为父母有责任给
孩子提供这些，
可见
A
为正确答案。
该段倒数第二、
三句提到：
We are not
afraid of tears. We don
’
t
.
实用文档
avoid them.
由此可知，当孩子哭泣时，家长不应
该害怕眼泪或阻止他们，由此可排除
B
和
C
；
第一段最后一句提到：
Not
sweets or toys.
由此可知，作者提倡的“亲密育儿法”不提倡给孩<
/p>
子糖果和玩具，同时这与孩子哭泣没有关系，故排除
D
。
50. What does
“
free-
range
”
mean according to the
passage?
A. Fond of providing a home
base.
B. Ready to play games with my kids.
C. Curious to watch what games they
play.
D. Willing to
give kids freedom of movement.
解析：选
D
。根据题干关键词“
free-
range
”定位至第三段。该段第三句提到：
In
fact, I'm pretty
free-
range
.
接下来作者提到：
As soon as they can move they usually
move away from me and let
me set up a
chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their
merry way to explore the world.
由此可
知，该句是对第三句的解释，即当孩子可以自由活动的时候，孩子经常远离作者，互相追逐、
玩耍、探索世界，可见
D
为正确答案，同时
排除
A
、
B
以
及
C
。
Section B
Passage Four
55.
What does the
passage mainly discuss?
答案：
Different types of
parenting.
解析：第一段作者将“亲密育儿法”和“溺爱育儿法”进行了对
比，找出了这两种育儿法
的差别。
第二段介绍了
“亲密育儿法”
的特点。
第三至五段将
“亲密育儿法”
和
“粘人育儿法”
“自私育儿法”以及“直升机式育儿法”进行了对比。最后一段继续总结“亲密育儿法”的特
点。由此可知，答案为
Different types of
parenting
。
第二节
选择题题型分类及解题技巧
通过对阅读理解选择题题型的分析，可以看出其考核指标主要体现在以下四个方面：一、
对中心思想的把握；二、对细节的关注；三、语言解读能力；四、推理判断能力。所以在选择<
/p>
题的设计上，一般都会有这五类题型：主旨题、细节题、推理题、态度题和语义题。下面我
们
来分析一下解答阅读这几种常见选择题题型的具体策略和方法。
一、主旨题
主旨题主要考查考生
对文章的主体思想、作品的基调以及文章大意的理解和掌握。经常出
现的提问方式有：<
/p>
Which of the following can
best serve as the title of the passage?
What does the passage mainly discuss?
What is the main topic of the passage?
What is the passage mainly concerned
with?
What is the best title for the
passage?
.
实用文档
Which of the following is the most
appropriate title for the passage?
From
the passage, we can conclude that
.
解题技巧：
主旨题的题型很容易判
断，
但是做起来却不容易。
考生一定要准确捕捉文章的主体
思想和作者的写作意图。其主要判断方法有两种：第一，依据主题句来判断。英语中基本上每
篇文章都有主题句，
文章中的每一段也有主题句，
主题句通常在文章的开头或结尾，
位于文章
中间的情
况也有，但不多。第二，为了快速得出答案，可用排除法来解题。通常出题人设置的
选项
不一定每个都具有很强的干扰性，
所以要迅速找出某些选项和漏洞或者不确切的地方，<
/p>
缩
小选择范围，最后锁定答案。例如：
What is the message of the passage?
A.
Understanding
gained is more important than money lost.
B.
It is natural
to see varied responses to financial crises.
C.
Desire for
money is human nature..
D.
One has to be decisive during crises.
很明显，这是一道考查文章主旨大意的试题，让我们先来看文
章：
I was standing
in my kitchen wondering what to have for lunch
when my friend Taj called.
“
Sit
down,
”
she said.
I thought she was going to
tell me she had just gotten the haircut from hell.
I laughed and said,
“
It
can't be that bad.
”
But it was. Before the
phone call, I had 30 years of retirement saving in
a
“
safe
”
fund with a
brilliant financial
guru
（金融大亨）
.When I put down
the phone, my savings were gone. I felt as if I
had died and, for some unknown reason,
was still breathing.
Since Bernie
Madoff
’
s arrest on charges
of running a $$65 million Ponzi scheme,
I
’
ve
read many
articles about how we investors should have known
what was going on. I wish I could say
I
had reservations about Madoff before
“
the
Call
”
, but I did not.
On New Year's Eve, three
weeks after we lost our savings, six of us Madoff
people gathered at
Taj's house for
dinner. As we were sitting around the table,
someone asked,
“
If you could
have your
money back right now, but it
would mean giving up what you have learned by
losing it, would you
take the money or
would you take what losing the money has given
you?
”
My husband was still in financial
shock. He said,
“
I just want
the money back.
”
I wasn't
certain
where I stood. I knew that
losing our money had cracked me wide open.
I
’
d been walking around
like what the Buddhists call a hungry
ghost: always focused on the bite that was yet to
come, not
the one in my mouth. No
matter how much I ate or had or experienced, it
didn
’
t satisfy me, because
I wasn
’
t really
taking it in, wasn
’
t
absorbing it. Now I was forced to pay attention.
Still, I couldn't
honestly say that if
someone had offered me the money back, I would
turn it down. But the other
four all
said that what they were seeing about themselves
was incalculable, and they
didn
’
t think it
.
实用文档
would
have
become
apparent
without
the
ground
of
financial
stability
being
ripped
out
from
underneath them.
My friend Michael said,
I
’
d started to get
complacent. It
’
s as if the
muscles of my heart started
to
atrophy
（萎缩）
. Now
they
’
re awake,
alive
—
and I
don
’
t want to go
back.
”
These
weren
’
t
just
empty
words.
Michael and
his
wife
needed to take
in
boarders
to
meet
their
expenses.
Taj
was
so
broke
that
she
was moving
into
someone
’
s garage
apartment
in three
weeks. Three friends had declared
bankruptcy and weren
’
t sure
where or how they were going to
live. <
/p>
解析：选
A
。通读全文可知，文章前半部
分均在叙述作者的遭遇，只是在倒数第二至四段谈及
作者和朋友对此遭遇的看法。由倒数
第四段中的
Now I was forced to pay attention<
/p>
,
倒数第三段
中的
what
they
were
seeing
about
themselves
was
in
calculable
和倒数第二段中的
Now
they
’
re
awake, alive
—
and
I don
’
t want to go back.
可推知，
A
可以概括全文主旨，故为答案。
B
为客观表
象，并非作者想表达的意图，故
排除；
C
观点偏颇，与原文不符，故排除；原文并未强调危机<
/p>
中的
“决断性”，而是强调对待危机的
态度，故排除
D
。
二、细节题
细节题主要考查考生对文章中的具体信息的理解程度，
如具体的时间、
地点、
人物、
事件、
原因、数
字、方式等，问题通常会以
What, Why, Where, How, How
many (much, long)
等疑问词
或词组开头，常
见的提问方式有：
According to the
passage, who/what/where/which/when/why/how...?
The study shows that
.
From the first three paragraphs, we
learn that
.
The author
argues...because
.
The direct/main reason for ... Is that
.
Which of the following
statements is INCCORRECT (CORRECCT) according to
the passage?
The writer wants to prove
with the example of .... that
.
The example of ... is used to
.
The writer mentions the case of ... to
justify
.
What does the
example of ... show/illustrate?
解题技
巧：
细节题是阅读选择题中出现频率最高的题型，
因此考生要给
予高度重视。
细节题考
查考生对文章中事实细节的把握，
考生应对文章中的细微之处给予充分的重视。
在形式上，
细
节题主要有两种，一种试正选，即问什么答什么；另一种试反选，即选择与
文章内容不相符的
一项，通常会出现
INCORRECT
或
EXCEPT
等词语。由于考试时考生精神
高度紧张，时常有读错
题的情况发生，因此养成认真读题、冷静判断、准确作答的习惯至
关重要。具体的解题方法就
.