使役动词的用法及练习
卷帘门安装方法-
英语中具有使役意义的动词较多
,
跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念
.
通
常我们说使役动词
,
指的是
make,have,let
这三个动词
,
它们在后接不定式作宾语补
足语时要省去不定式符号
to
的特定用法
.
但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这
些
< br>,
用法也较灵活
,
现将其分类叙述如下
,
以饷读者
.
(
注:
英语动词意义丰富
,
在此仅限于
“使役”意义
.
)
1
使役动词
have, let,
make
(常
用于复合结构)
1.1
have
的用法
1
)
. have
+
宾语
+
省
to
不定式:
表示主语
“要”使“”让“”宾语干某事
,
宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系
.
而且还
可以与情态动词
will,
would
连用
,
不用于被动结构<
/p>
.The rich lady had the
singer eat with his servants.
2
)
.
have+
宾语
+
现在分词:
表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中
,
宾语和宾补是一种主动关
系
.
亦可转化为
p>
“劝说
,
鼓励”宾语干某事
.
The two
cheats had the lights burning all night long.
He had us waiting for him three hours
yesterday.
I have them all talking to
each other in English
我
.
鼓励他们用英语交谈
.
3
)
.have+
宾语<
/p>
+
过去分词:
表示主语的主观意志
,
即主语让别人为自己完成某事
,
宾语和宾补是动宾关系
还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事
.
Tom said he had
had his TV set repaired.
Tom had his
wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.
“别人
”在句中一般不出现
,
这是它与结构
1
)的区别所在
.
试比较:
Have you washed your
clothes?
你洗了衣服了吗
?
(
自己洗
)
1 / 10
Have you had your clothes
washed?
你叫人洗了衣服了吗
?
(
别人洗
)
4)
. have+
宾语
+
形容词
/
副词
/
介词短语作宾补
The Emperor had nothing on.
I am sure I
'
ll
have hthime ainr gument.
1.2let
的用法
1)
. let
+
宾语
+
省
to
不定式:
表示主语
“要”使“”让“”宾语干某事
,
宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系
,
罕用于
被动语态
.
有时也可指一种假设
.let
后不能接现在分词
,
过去分词作宾补
.
Let them stay
in the classroom and do their exercises
themselves.
Let AB be equal to
CD.
假设
AB
等于
CD.
2)
. let+
宾语
+
副词
/
介词短语作宾补
Let me in and
let them out.
Who let you into the
building?
3
.
make
的用法
1). make
+
宾语
+
省
to
不定式:
表示主语
“要”使“”让“”宾语干某事
,
宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系
.
此结构
常用被动结构
.make
后不接现在分词作宾补
.
The teacher
made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.
The naughty boy was made to stand there
for an hour.
2 / 10
2
)
p>
.make+
宾语
+
过去分词
,
此结构中的宾语指人时
常用到反身代词
.
He raised his voice to make himself
heard.
Can you easily make yourself
understood in English?
They will make
an important plan known to the public soon.
3
)
. make+
< br>宾语
+
形容词
,
宾语亦可是从句
.
The news made her happy.
He
made it clear that he objected to the proposal.
“半使役动词
”在英语语法上还是一个没有被认同的概念或术语
,
而只是认可
了其
v-ing
形式和
v-ed
形式作为形容词使用
.
但这类词汇数量较大
,
使用频率高
,
业
已成为学习和考查中的重点
,
难点
,
易混易错点
,
而且在教学一线已经广泛地被教师
和学生所接受
.
半使役动词之所以得名
,
一则它们的意义都有
“使某人感到
⋯⋯
”
再
,
则是为了与具有特殊用法的使役动词
let, have, make
等区别开来
.
2.4
常见的半使役动词
amaze
(使某人感到惊呀)
,
astonish
(使某人感到惊奇)
,
confuse
(使某人感到迷惑)
,
disappoint
(使某人感到失望)
,
delight
(使某人感到高兴)
,
discourage
(使某人感到气馁)
,
distinguish
(使某人
感到显著)
,
excite
(使某人感到兴奋)
,
encourage
(使某人感到鼓舞)
,
exhaust
(使某人感到疲倦)
,
frighten
(使某人感到恐惧)
,
interest
(使某人感到有趣)
,
inspire
(使某人感到刺激)
, move
(使某人感到激动)
,
please
(使某人感到高兴)
, puzzle
(使某人感到不解)
,
satisfy
(使某人感到满意)
,
surprise
(使某人感到惊异)
,
shock
(使某人感到震惊)
, strike
(使某人感到震动)
,
3 /
10
tire
(使某人感到疲惫)
,
upset
(使某人感到迷惑不解)
,
等等
.
2.2
半使役动词的主动式用法:
something + Vt. + somebody
如:
What surprised
him most was her bravery. His brave deeds moved
exam
result satisfied his parents. The
boy
'
s behavior upset
everybody around.
2.3
半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词
,
一个加
-ing,
一个加
-ed,
有时还有一
个
加其他后缀构成
please ---
p
leasing, pleased, pleasant;
satisfy ---
s
atisfying,
satisfied, satisfactory.
2.4
半使役动词的
v-ing
和
v-ed
两个分词形容词的用法也有规律
一般而言
,
作定语时
,v-ing
分词形容词修饰事物
,v-ed
分词形容词修饰人或者
人的心理活动
,
表情等;作表语或宾语补足语时
,v-ing
分词形容词指事;
v-ed
分词
形容词指人或拟人用法
.
而且作表语的
v-ed
分词后接事时常有一个介词
.
如:
The film we saw last night was very
interesting.
We were all interested in
the film.
The frightening hurricane
made the girl very frightened.
The
teacher was satisfied with the answer of his
students.
3
使役意义状态动词
get,
leave, set, send, keep, drive,
etc
常
.
用于复合结构中
3.1get
p>
使成为
/
变得某种状态或结果(
get
的用法跟
have
很接近)
I can
'
t get the
old radio to wo
我
rk
无
.
法让那旧收音机工作起来(
.
接带
to
不
定
式作宾补)
Can you
really get that old car going
again
你
?
真能让那旧车运转起来
吗
?
The farmer got
his planting done before the rain
came.
那农民在雨季前完成了
种
植
.He got his
wrist broken.
他折断了手腕
.
(主语发生了不幸的事)
4 / 10
She soon got the children
ready for school
她
.
迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备
.
3.2leave
使保持
/
处于某种状态
Leave your hat and coat in the
hall.
把帽子和外套放在大厅里
.
Did you leave the doors
and windows firmly
fastened?
你把门窗紧紧锁上了
吗
?Always leave
things where you can find them
again
总
.
应把东西放在能再次找到
的地方
.Who left
that window open?
谁让窗户开着
?
Don
'
t leave him
waiting outside in the
rain
别
.
让他在外面雨中等待
.
Leave somebody / something
alone.
不要干涉某人或某事
.
3.3set
使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系
set somebody at his
ease
使某人安逸
/
舒适
/
心情放松
set something in order
使某物井然有序
set
somebody free / at liberty
使某人获得自由
,
释放(犯人等)
It
'
s time we set
the machine goi
是
ng
我
.
们发动机器的时候了
.
The news set me
thinking.
这消息使我陷入了沉思
.
He set the farm laborer to
chop wood.
他让农场工人去砍伐木材
.
I have set myself to
finish the job by the end of
May.
我决心于五月底前完成那
工
作
.set a thief to
catch a thief.
以毒攻毒;令贼捉贼
3.4
send
使某人或某物急剧地移动
The
earthquake sent the crockery and cutlery crashing
to the ground
地
.
震将杯
盘
刀叉震落在地上
.
Mind how you go ---
you nearly sent me
flying.
小心点
,
你差点将我撞飞了
.Send
that fellow about his
business / packing.
叫那家伙滚蛋
.
5 / 10