使役动词的用法及练习

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2021年02月06日 17:34
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2021年2月6日发(作者:小铃铛)



英语中具有使役意义的动词较多


< p>
,


跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念



.




常我们说使役动词



,


指的是



make,have,let


这三个动词



,


它们在后接不定式作宾语补



足语时要省去不定式符号



to


的特定用法



.


但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这



< br>,


用法也较灵活



,


现将其分类叙述如下



,


以饷读者



.



注:



英语动词意义丰富



,


在此仅限于



“使役”意义


.



1


使役动词



have, let, make


(常



用于复合结构)



1.1


have


的用法



1



. have +


宾语



+




to


不定式:



表示主语



“要”使“”让“”宾语干某事



,


宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系



.


而且还



可以与情态动词



will, would


连用


,


不用于被动结构< /p>



.The rich lady had the


singer eat with his servants.


2



. have+


宾语



+


现在分词:



表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中



,


宾语和宾补是一种主动关




.


亦可转化为



“劝说


,


鼓励”宾语干某事



.



The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.


He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.


I have them all talking to each other in English



.


鼓励他们用英语交谈



.

< p>
3



.have+


宾语< /p>



+


过去分词:



表示主语的主观意志



,


即主语让别人为自己完成某事



,


宾语和宾补是动宾关系



还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事



.



Tom said he had had his TV set repaired.


Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.


“别人



”在句中一般不出现



,


这是它与结构



1


)的区别所在



.


试比较:



Have you washed your clothes?


你洗了衣服了吗



?


(


自己洗


)



1 / 10





Have you had your clothes washed?


你叫人洗了衣服了吗



?


(


别人洗


)



4)


. have+


宾语

< p>
+


形容词


/


副词


/


介词短语作宾补



The Emperor had nothing on.


I am sure I


'


ll have hthime ainr gument.


1.2let


的用法



1)


. let +


宾语


+




to


不定式:



表示主语



“要”使“”让“”宾语干某事



,


宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系



,


罕用于



被动语态



.


有时也可指一种假设



.let


后不能接现在分词



,


过去分词作宾补



.



Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.


Let AB be equal to


CD.


假设



AB


等于



CD.


2)


. let+


宾语


+


副词


/


介词短语作宾补



Let me in and let them out.


Who let you into the building?


3



make


的用法



1). make +


宾语



+




to


不定式:



表示主语



“要”使“”让“”宾语干某事



,


宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系



.


此结构



常用被动结构



.make


后不接现在分词作宾补



.



The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.


The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour.


2 / 10





2



.make+


宾语


+


过去分词



,


此结构中的宾语指人时 常用到反身代词



.



He raised his voice to make himself heard.


Can you easily make yourself understood in English?


They will make an important plan known to the public soon.


3



. make+

< br>宾语


+


形容词


,


宾语亦可是从句



.



The news made her happy.


He made it clear that he objected to the proposal.


“半使役动词



”在英语语法上还是一个没有被认同的概念或术语



,


而只是认可



了其



v-ing


形式和



v-ed


形式作为形容词使用



.


但这类词汇数量较大



,


使用频率高



,




已成为学习和考查中的重点



,


难点


,


易混易错点



,


而且在教学一线已经广泛地被教师



和学生所接受



.


半使役动词之所以得名



,


一则它们的意义都有



“使某人感到



⋯⋯




,


则是为了与具有特殊用法的使役动词



let, have, make


等区别开来



.



2.4


常见的半使役动词



amaze


(使某人感到惊呀)



, astonish


(使某人感到惊奇)



,



confuse


(使某人感到迷惑)



, disappoint


(使某人感到失望)



,


delight


(使某人感到高兴)



, discourage


(使某人感到气馁)



,


distinguish


(使某人 感到显著)



, excite


(使某人感到兴奋)



,


encourage


(使某人感到鼓舞)



, exhaust


(使某人感到疲倦)



,



frighten


(使某人感到恐惧)



, interest


(使某人感到有趣)



,


inspire


(使某人感到刺激)



, move


(使某人感到激动)



,



please


(使某人感到高兴)



, puzzle


(使某人感到不解)



,



satisfy


(使某人感到满意)



, surprise


(使某人感到惊异)



,



shock


(使某人感到震惊)



, strike


(使某人感到震动)



,



3 / 10





tire


(使某人感到疲惫)



, upset


(使某人感到迷惑不解)



,


等等


.



2.2


半使役动词的主动式用法:



something + Vt. + somebody


如:



What surprised him most was her bravery. His brave deeds moved exam


result satisfied his parents. The boy


'


s behavior upset everybody around.


2.3


半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词



,


一个加


-ing,


一个加

< p>
-ed,


有时还有一




加其他后缀构成



please ---


p


leasing, pleased, pleasant; satisfy ---


s


atisfying, satisfied, satisfactory.


2.4


半使役动词的



v-ing




v-ed


两个分词形容词的用法也有规律



一般而言



,


作定语时



,v-ing


分词形容词修饰事物



,v-ed


分词形容词修饰人或者



人的心理活动



,


表情等;作表语或宾语补足语时



,v-ing


分词形容词指事;



v-ed


分词



形容词指人或拟人用法



.


而且作表语的



v-ed


分词后接事时常有一个介词



.


如:



The film we saw last night was very interesting.


We were all interested in the film.


The frightening hurricane made the girl very frightened.


The teacher was satisfied with the answer of his students.


3


使役意义状态动词



get, leave, set, send, keep, drive, etc



.


用于复合结构中



3.1get


使成为


/


变得某种状态或结果(

< p>


get


的用法跟



have


很接近)



I can


'


t get the old radio to wo



rk



.


法让那旧收音机工作起来(



.


接带



to





式作宾补)



Can you really get that old car going again



?


真能让那旧车运转起来




?


The farmer got his planting done before the rain came.


那农民在雨季前完成了





.He got his wrist broken.


他折断了手腕



.


(主语发生了不幸的事)



4 / 10





She soon got the children ready for school



.


迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备



.


3.2leave


使保持



/


处于某种状态



Leave your hat and coat in the hall.


把帽子和外套放在大厅里



.


Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?


你把门窗紧紧锁上了





?Always leave things where you can find them again



.


应把东西放在能再次找到



的地方



.Who left that window open?


谁让窗户开着



?


Don


'


t leave him waiting outside in the rain



.


让他在外面雨中等待



.


Leave somebody / something alone.


不要干涉某人或某事



.


3.3set


使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系



set somebody at his ease


使某人安逸



/


舒适



/


心情放松



set something in order


使某物井然有序



set somebody free / at liberty


使某人获得自由



,


释放(犯人等)



It


'


s time we set the machine goi



ng



.


们发动机器的时候了



.


The news set me thinking.


这消息使我陷入了沉思



.


He set the farm laborer to chop wood.


他让农场工人去砍伐木材



.


I have set myself to finish the job by the end of May.


我决心于五月底前完成那





.set a thief to catch a thief.


以毒攻毒;令贼捉贼



3.4


send


使某人或某物急剧地移动



The earthquake sent the crockery and cutlery crashing to the ground



.


震将杯




刀叉震落在地上



.


Mind how you go ---



you nearly sent me flying.


小心点



,


你差点将我撞飞了



.Send


that fellow about his business / packing.


叫那家伙滚蛋



.


5 / 10



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