2020年全国研究生入学统一考试真题及答案解析(英语二)
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2020
年全国研究生入学统一考试试题及答
案解析（英语二）
Section I Use of
English
Directions
：
Read the following text. Choose the
best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A,
B, C or D on the
ANSWER SHEET. (10
points)
Being a good parent is, of
course, what every parent would like to be. But
defining what it means to be a
good
parent
is
undoubtedly
very
__1__,
particularly
since
children
respond
differently
to
the
same
style
of
parenting. A calm, rule-following child
might respond better to a different sort of
parenting than, __2__, a younger
sibling.
__3__
,
there’s
another
sort
of
parent
that’s
a
bit
easier
to
__4__:
a
patient
parent.
Children
of
every
age
benefit from patient
parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to
be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes
parents
get
exhausted
and
frustrated
and
are
unable
to
maintain
a
__7__
and
composed
style
with
their
kids.
I
understand this.
You’re only
human, and sometimes your kids can
__8__ you just a little too far. And
then the __9__ happens:
You lose your
patience and either scream at your kids or say
something that was a bit too __10__ and does
nobody
any good. You wish that you
could __11__
the clock and start over.
We’ve all been there.
__12__,
even though it’s
common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a
single mo
ment of fatigue, you can
say
something
to
your
child
that
you
may
__13__
for
a
long
time.
This
may
not
only
do
damage
to
your
relationship with your child but also
__14__
your child’s
self
-esteem.
If you
consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then
you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional
control for your kids. We are all
becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of
modeling tolerance and patience
for the
younger generation. This is a skill that will help
them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to
emotionally
regulate or maintain
emotional control when __17__
by stress
is one of the most important of all life’s
skills.
Certainly, it’s
incredibly
__18__ to maintain patience
at all times with your children. A more practical
goal is
to try, to the best of your
ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can
when faced with __19__ situations
involving your children. I can promise
you this: As a result of working toward this goal,
you and your children
will benefit and
__20__ from stressful moments feeling better
physically and emotionally.
1. A tedious
B
pleasant
C instructive
D tricky
2. A in addition
B for example
C
at once
D by accident
3. A
fortunately
B
occasionally
C
accordingly
D
eventually
4. A amuse
B assist
C describe
D train
5. A
while
B because
C unless
D once
6. A answer
B task
C
choice
D access
7. A tolerant
B
formal
C rigid
D critical
8. A move
B drag
C
push
D send
9. A
mysterious
B
illogical
C suspicious
D inevitable
10.
A boring
B naive
C harsh
D vague
11. A turn back
B take apart
C
set aside
D cover up
12. A overall
B instead
C
however
D otherwise
13. A like
B
miss
C believe
D regret
14. A raise
B affect
C justify
D
reflect
15. A
time
B bond
C race
D cool
16. A nature
B
secret
C importance
D context
17. A cheated
B defeated
C
confused
D confronted
18. A terrible
B hard
C strange
D wrong
19. A
trying
B changing
C exciting
D surprising
20.
A hide
B emerge
C withdraw
D escape
今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
讲的是家长对孩子要有耐心，属于比较生活
的话题。下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。
1.
【答案】
D tricky
【解析】此处考察词义辨析
+
上下文语境。文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想成为好的父母。空格句
开头为
but
，句意上出现了转折，
“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”
，
since
后给出了原因，
“因为不同的孩
子对待同样的养育
方式反应也是不同的”
。
tricky
意为“棘手的，困难的”
，符合句意。
2.
【答案】
B for
example
【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。前面说
了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的，此句为例
证，如果换一种养育方式，
一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些。所以用表示举例
分析的
for example
最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不
合适。
3.
【答案】
A
Fortunately
【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析<
/p>
+
上下文语境。空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来会容易一
些，这
类就是非常耐心的父母。第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，这
里在上下文文义上是个
转折，
幸运地是
/
还好，
有一类父母比较容易定义，
并
且各个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。
故选
Fo
rtunately
，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最终地都不合适。
4.
【答案】
C describe
【解析】
此处考察动词词义辨析
+
上下文语境。第一段告诉我们如何定义
怎样才是好的父母是个难题，第
二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述
/
定义，
describe
与
define
相呼应，故选
C
符合句意。
5.
【答案】
A while
【解析】
此处考察上下文逻辑关系。
空格所在
句指出：
虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，
但这并不容易。<
/p>
逗号前后为转折关系，四个选项中
while
表转折，选
A
符合句意。
6.
【答案】
B task
【解析】此处考察名词词义辨析。虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这不是个容易的差事
/
任务。
task
意为任务，其余选项答案，选择，途径
/
权限都不合适，故选<
/p>
B
符合句意。
7.
【答案】
A tolerant
【解析】此处考察形容词词义辨析。空格所在句指出有时父母
会很累很沮丧，这时候对待孩子就很难沉着
冷静（
compos
ed
）和包容。
tolerant
意为
包容的，故选
A
符合句意。
8.
【答案】
C push
【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析
+
上下文语境。
你也不是圣人
/
你也只是普通人，而且有时候孩子会把你逼
的很紧。
push
为催促
< br>/
紧逼，此处
move
（移动，
使感动）
，
drag
（拖拽）
，
send
（发送）均不符合句意，故
选
C
。
9.
【答案】
D
inevitable
【解析】此处考察形容词词意辨析<
/p>
+
上下文语境。空格前一句指出：有时候孩子会把你逼的很紧。空
格后
一句指出你会失去耐心，对孩子大吼大叫。那么这是孩子把你逼的很紧的必然结果，
inevitable
为无法避
免的
/
必然的，故选
D
符合句意。
10.
【答案】
C harsh
【解析】此处考察词义辨析
+
上下文语境。
空格句句意：你会失去耐心并对孩子大吼大叫，而且有时候会
说一些很伤人
/
刻薄的话，对每个人都没好处。根据上下文，
so
mething
后面的形容词一定是贬义的，
harsh
为刺耳的
/
严格的，故选
< br>C
。
11.
【答案】
A turn
back
【解析】此处考察动词搭配
+
上下文语境。空格句句意：你会希望时间倒流，一切重新再来。
turn
back
为
（使）
往回走
，
take apart
为拆开
/<
/p>
拆解，
set aside
为把
....
放一旁
/
不理
会，
cover up
为盖起来，
均不
符合句意，
故选
A
。
< br>
12.
【答案】
C however
【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。空格句指出：然而，即使
是这是很普遍的现象，我们还是要牢记，哪
怕只是一点点的疲惫，都会让你对孩子说一些
你会后悔很久的话。上一段描述了一般情况下父母是如何对
孩子失去耐心，并且这很普遍
（
We've all been there/it's common)
，空格句对比上一段发生了转折，故选
C
。
13.
【答案】
D regret
【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析
+<
/p>
上下文语境。上一段描述了父母如何对孩子失去耐心，然后又希望时间
倒流一切重新再来，那么疲惫时对孩子说的话一定是会让你后悔（
regret
）的，其他选项喜欢，错过，相信
均不符合上下文，故选
D
。
14.
【答案】
B affect <
/p>
【解析】考察动宾搭配。结合原文语境，
“这也许不仅会伤害你和
孩子之间的关系，而且会
...
你的孩子的自
< br>尊”所以这里填上一个动词接后面的宾语自尊心，所以答案只能是
affect,
“影响自尊心”
。而
raise
提高，
养育；
justify
证明合理性；
reflect
影响，均不能合理搭配。
15.
【答案】
D cool
【解析】本题考察动宾搭配，也是主题复现，
cool
有“冷静之意。
“如果你总是对你的孩子失去
...,
”本文
一直在探讨的主题就是对孩子要有耐心，
因此符合题意的只能是
cool,
而
time
时间，
bond
结合
，
纽带，
race
比赛，种族都不符合
这里的语境。
16.
【答案】
C
importance
【解析】本题考察名词的修饰关系，
A
of
B
的结构中填名词
A
，主要参照后面
of
结构
对它的修饰作用。
Of
结构在这里表示
“建立对孩子宽容和耐心的
...
”联系前面说”我们越来越重
视
...
”
因此符合题意的应该是
importance
“重要性”
natu
re
，自然、天性；
secret
秘密
，
context
环境。
17.
【答案】
D
confronted
【解析】本题考查动宾搭配，根据本题语境，
< br>“事实上，在
....
压力时情绪调节或维持情绪控制的
能力是所
有生活技能中最重要的一项”
，压力前面应该搭配“面
对”故选择
confronted
其他的
cheated
欺骗，
defeated
打败，
confused
困惑均不符合。
< br>
18.
【答案】
B hard
【解析】
此处考察表语形容词。主要参照跟前面的
incredible
加起来表示
“不可避免的
...
一直对孩子保持耐
心”可以先看选项
terrible
糟糕的，
strange<
/p>
奇怪的，
wrong
错误的，这三个都不
能放在此处形成合理搭配，
所以
hard
更合适。
19.
【答案】
A trying <
/p>
【解析】本题考察修饰关系。根据原文语境“一个更实际的目标是去尝试，尽你最大的能力
，当你面对涉
及孩子的
...
情况时，
尽可能地宽容和冷静”
需要父母宽容和冷静的应该是不太好的
情况，答案
trying
做形
容词表示
“令人厌烦的”最合适。
changing
变化，
exciting
激动人心的
surprising
令人惊讶的，均不能体现
这里的含义。
20.
【答案】
B emerge <
/p>
【解析】考察动宾搭配，这里的句义是“朝着这个目标努力的结果是，你和你的孩子将受益
并从很有压力
的这些时候
...
，在身
体和情感上感觉更好”
。只有“浮现，出现”最符合，所以选择
emerge
，
而
< br>hide
隐藏，
withdraw
撤退，
escape
逃避均为负面含义，故不符合。
Section
Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following
four
texts.
Answer the questions below each
text
by choosing A,
B, C or
D.
Mark your answers on the ANSWER
SHEET.
（
40
points
）
Text 1
Rats and other animals need to be
highly at tuned to social signals from others so
that can identify friends
to
cooperate
with
and
enemies
to
avoid.
To
find
out
if
this
extends
to
non-
living
beings,
Loleh
Quinn
at
the
University of California, San Diego,
and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect
social signals form robotic
rats.
They housed eight adult rats with two
types of robotic rat- one social and one
asocial
一
for 5 our days. The
robots
rats
were
quite
minimalist,
resembling
a
chunkier
version
of
a
computer
mouse
with
wheels-to
move
around and colorful markings.
During the experiment, the social robot
rat followed the living rats around, played with
the same toys, and
opened
caged
doors
to
let
trapped
rats
escape.
Meanwhile,
the
asocial
robot
simply
moved
forwards
and
backwards and side to side
Next,
the
researchers
trapped
the
robots
in
cages
and
gave
the
rats
the
opportunity
to
release
them
by
pressing a lever.
Across 18 trials each, the living rats
were 52 percent more likely on average to set the
social robot free
than the asocial one.
This suggests that the rats perceived the social
robot as a genuine social being. They may
have bonded more with the social robot
because it displayed behaviours like communal
exploring and playing.
This could lead
to the rats better remembering having freed it
earlier, and wanting the robot to return the
favour
when they get trapped, says
Quinn.
The readiness of the rats
to befriend the social robot was surprising given
its minimal design. The robot
was the
same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple
plastic box on wheels.
“
We' d
assumed we' d have to give
it a moving head and tail, facial
features, and put a scene on it to make it smell
like a real rat, but that
wasn
’
t
necessary,
”
says Janet Wiles at the
University of Queensland in Australia, who helped
with the research.
The finding
shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even
when they come from basic robots. Similarly,
children tend to treat robots as if
they are fellow beings, even when they display
only simple social signals.
“
We
humans seem to be
fascinated by robots, and it turns out other
animals are too,
”
says Wiles.
21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a
test to see if rats can________
[A]
pickup social signals from non-living rats
[B] distinguish a friendly rat from a
hostile one
[C] attain sociable traits
through special training
[D] send out
warning messages to their fellow
22.
What did the social robot do during the
experiment?
[A] It followed the social
robot.
[B]It played with some toys.
[C] It set the trapped rats free.
[D]It moved around alone.
23. According to Quinn, the rats
released the social robot because they________
[A] tried to practice a means of escape
[B] expected it to do the same in
return
[C] wanted to display their
intelligence
[D]considered that an
interesting game
24. James Wiles notes
that rats________
[A]can remember other
rat's facial features
[B] differentiate
smells better than sizes
[C] respond
more to cations than to looks
[D]can be
scared by a plastic box on wheels
25.
It can be learned from the text that rats________
[A]appear to be adaptable to new
surroundings
[B] are more socially
active than other animals
C] behave
differently from children in socializing
[D]are more sensitive to social cues
than expected
21.
【答案】
A
pick up social signals from non-living
rats
解析：
本题目为细节题，
考
察具体细节。
根据题干关键词
Quinn and her
colleagues
和
a
test
定位到第一段第
二句。
To
find out if this extends to non-living beings,
Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San
Diego, and
her colleagues tested
whether rats can detect social signals from
robotic rats.
为了查明这是否延伸到了非生物，
Quinn
和她的同事测试了老鼠能否从机器老鼠身上探测到社会信号。正确答案
A
是原文的同义替换。选项
B
的
distinguish a friendly rat from a
hostile one
区分友好的老鼠和敌对的老鼠，并未提及，是常识性干扰。
选项
C
的
atta
in sociable traits through special training
通过特殊训练获得社交品质，原文并未提及，属于无
中生有。选项
D
的
send out warning
messages to their fellow
向它们的同伴发出警告信息，原文
并未提及，
属于无中生有。
22.
【答案】
D
It moved around alone.
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词
the
asocial robot
和
experiment
定位到第三段最后
一句
Meanwhile,
the asocial robot simply moved forwards and
backwards and side to side.
同时，不具有社交能
力的机器人只能进行简单的前后左右移动。
正确答案
< br>D
It moved around alone.
是原文的同义替换。
选项
A
的
It followed the social
robot.
它跟随具备社交能力的老鼠，与原文
the
social robot rat followed the living rats
< br>around
不符，
原文说的是具备社交能力的老鼠跟随
真老鼠，
属于张冠李戴。
选项
B
的
It played with some toys.
它玩一些玩具，与原文不符，原文中说的是具备社交能力的老鼠玩同样的玩具，属于张冠李戴。选项
C
的
It set the
trapped rats free.
它释放了被困的老鼠也与原文内容不符，原文说
的同样是具备社交能力的老鼠，
而题干问的是不具备社交能力的老鼠在实验中做了什么，
属于张冠李戴。
23.
【答案】
B
expected it to do the same
in return
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词
Quinn
和
the rats
released the social robots
往下定
位到第四五段，第五段最后一句
This
could
lead
to
the
rats
better
remembering
having
freed
it
earlier,
and
wanting the robot to
return the favour when they get trapped, says
Quinn. Quinn
说：
这可能会让老鼠更好地记住
早些时候已经释放了机器人，
并希望机器人在它们被困住时能回报它
们的恩惠。
正确答案
B
expected it to
do the same
in return
是原文的同义替换。干扰项
A
的
tried to practice a
means of escape
试图尝试一种逃跑
的方法，<
/p>
原文并未提及，
属于无中生有。
选项
C
的
wanted to display their intelligence
想要展示它们的智慧，
文中并未提到，属于无中生有。选项
D
的
considered that an
interesting game
觉得是个有趣的游戏在原文当
中也没有体现，属于无中生有。
24.
【答案】
C
respond more to actions
than to looks
解析：
本题目为细节题，
考察具体细节。
根据题干关键词
James
Wiles
定位到第六七段，
尾段尾句
We humans
seem to be fascinated by
robots, and it turns out other animals are too,
says Wiles. Wiles
说：
“我们人类似乎对机
器人很着迷，
事实证明其他动物也很着迷。
”
再结合尾段前面部分的阐述，
会发现正确答案
C
respond more
to actions than to looks
对行动的
反应多于对外表的反应，
是原文的类似表达。
干扰项
A
的
can remember other
rat's facial features
能够记住其他老
鼠的面部特征，与原文内容不符，原文第六段说的是假设赋予机器老鼠
面部特征，那都不
重要，属于偷换概念。选项
B
的
dif
ferentiate smells better than sizes
与体型大
小相比，能
够更好地区分气味，原文中只提到赋予机器老鼠真老鼠的气味，与原文不符，
属于偷换概念。选项
D
的
can be
scared by a plastic box on wheels
会被装有轮子
的塑料盒子吓坏，文中机器老鼠只是装有轮子的塑料
盒子，还是属于偷换概念。
25.
【答案】
D
are more sensitive to
social cues than expected
解析：本题目为推断题，考察
基于全文主旨进行推断。题干并没有具体关键词，因此需要通过选项回到文
中逐一对应。
正确答案
D are more sensitive to
social cues than expected
对社交线索比预期更敏感，
与原文尾
段首句
The finding
shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even
when they come from basic
robots.
（这一发
现显示了老鼠对社交暗示的敏感程度，即使是来自基本机器老鼠的社交暗示）属于类似表达。选项
A
的
appear to be
adaptable to new surroundings
似乎能适应新环境，在
文中并未提及，属于无中生有。选项
B
的
are more socially active than other animals
比其他动物更活跃，文中只提到其他动物也一样会对机器人着迷，
属于偷换概
念。干扰项
C
的
behave
differently from children in socializing
在社交活动中表现得与孩子不同，
与原文内容相反，
原文内容
指的是孩子们倾向于把机器人当作人来对待，
即使他们只显示简单的社会信号。
这一点与老鼠是一样的，属于正反混淆。
Text 2
It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top
ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers
on average, and
since the mid-1970s CEO
pay for large publicly traded American
corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up
by about 500% The typical CEO of a top
American corporation now makes about S18.9 million
a year.
The best model for understanding the
growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in
a world where
business opportunities
for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts
of America's highest-earning 1% have
been one of the more dynamic elements
of the global economy. It's not popular to say,
but one reason their pay has
gone up so
much is that CEOs really have upped their game
relative to many other workers in the U.S.
economy.
Today's CEO, at least for major
American firms, must have many mere skills than
simply being able to
“
run
the company
in them. They
also need better public relations skills than
their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor
slipup
can
be
significant.
Then
there'
s
the
fact
that
large
American
companies
are
much
more
globalized
than
ever
before,with supply
chains spread across a larger number of countries.
To lead in that system requires knowledge
that is farly mind-boggling plus,
virtually all major American companies are beyond
this major CEOs still have to
do all
the day-to-day work they have always done.
The
common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about
ripping people off doesn't explain history very
well.
By most measures, corporate
governmance has become a lot tighter and more
rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is
principally during this period of
stronger govemnance that CEO pay has been high and
rising. That suggests it is
in the
broader corporate interest to recruit top
candidates for increasingly tough
jobs.
”
Furthermore, the highest
CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not
to the cozy insider picks, another
sign
that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation
at the expense of the rest of the company. And the
stock
market reacts positively when
companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a
sign that those practices build up
corporate value not just for the CEO.
26. Which of the following has
contributed to CEO pay rise?
[A] The
growth in the number of corporations
[B] The general pay rise with a better
economy
[C] Increased business
opportunities for top firms
[D] Close
cooperation among leading economies
27.
Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are
required to______
[A] foster a stronger
sense of teamwork
[B] finance more
research and development
[C] establish
closer ties with tech companies
[D]
operate more globalized companies
28.
CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s
despite______
[A] continual internal
opposition
[B] strict corporate
governance
[C]
conservative business strategies
[D]
Repeated government warnings
29. High
CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it
helps______
[A] confirm the status of
CEOs
[B] motivate inside candidates
[C] boost the efficiency of CEOs
[D] increase corporate value
30. The most suitable title for this
text would be______
[A] CEOs Are Not
Overpaid
[B] CEO Pay: Past and Present
[C] CEOs' challenges of Today
[D] CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define
26.
【答案】
C
Increased business
opportunities for top firms
解析：
< br>本题目为细节题，
考察具体细节。
根据题干关键词
CEO pay rise
及题干中对
CEO
薪酬增加原因的提
问，定位到第二段首句
The best model for understanding the growth of
CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in
a world where business opportunities
for the top firms are growing rapidly.
了
解
CEO
薪酬增长的最佳模式是，
CE
O
人才在一个顶级公司的商业机会迅速增长的世界里是有限的。正确答案
C
Increased
business
opportunities
for
top
firms
增加顶级公司商业机会的增加。干扰项
A
的
The
growth
in
the
number
of
corporations
公司数量的增长，
文中并不是说公司数量而是商业机会，
属于偷换概念。
选项
B
的
The general
pay rise with a better economy
好转的经济带来的普遍加薪，文中并未提到
better economy
，属于无中生有。
选项
D
的
Close cooperation among leading
economies
主要经济体之间的密切合作，文中也并未提到经济体
之间的何做，属于无中生有。
27.
【答案】
D
operate more globalized
companies
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词
predecessors
及
today's
CEOs
定位到第三段第二
句
They also need better public relations
skills than their predecessors, as the costs of
even a minor slipup can be
significant.
他们还需要比他们的前任更好的公关技巧，因为即使是一个小失误的成本也可能是巨大的
。选
项中并未提到，继续往后看
Then there's
the fact that large American companies are much
more globalized than
ever before, with
supply chains spread across a larger number of
countries.
还有一个事实是，美国的大公司比
以往
任何时候都更加全球化，供应链遍布更多的国家。正确答案
D operate
more globalized companies
经营
更
全球化的公司是该句内容的同义替换。干扰项
A
的
foster a stronger sense of teamwork
培养更强的团队合
作意识，文中提到意识，只有对金融市场有很好的了解，甚至公司应
该如何进行交易的意识，属于偷换概
念。选项
B
的
finance more research and developm
ent
资助更多的研发，定位段并没有提到，属于无中生有。
选
项
D
的
establish
closer ties with tech companies
与科技公司建立更
紧密的联系，定位段并未提到，属于无
中生有。
28.
【答案】
B
strict corporate governance
解析：
本
题目为细节题，
考察具体细节。
根据题干关键词
the 1970s
定位到第四段第三句
Yet it
is principally
during this period of
stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and
rising.
然而，首席执行官的薪酬主要
是在这一治理更
加有力的时期一直居高不下。
正确答案
B strict
corporate governance
严格的公司管理，
属于
原文内容的替换表达。
干扰项
A<
/p>
的
continual internal oppositio
n
持续的内部对立在文中并未提到，
属于无中
< br>生有。选项
C
的
conservative business strategies
保守的商业策略，定位段并没有提到，属于无中生有。选
项
< br>D
的
repeated government
warnings
政府的再三警告定位段并未提到，属于无中生有。
29.
【答案】
D increase
corporate value
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关
键词
High
CEO
pay
及顺序出题规则，继续看尾段，
定位句是
An
d the stock market reacts positively when
companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a
sign that
those practices build up
corporate value not just for the CEO.
当公
司把首席执行官的薪酬与股票价格挂钩时，
股票市场的反应是积极的，这表明这些做法不
仅为首席执行官带来机制，而且创造了公司价值。正确答案
D increase
corporate value
增加公司价值，是原文内容的替换表达。干扰项
A
的
confirm the status
of CEOs
证实
CEO
的地位，定
位段并未提到，属于无中生有。选项
B
的
motivate inside candidates
激发内部候选人
的积极性，文中尾段首句首席执行官的最高薪水是付给外部候选人的，而不是付给那些舒适的内部人 选，
属于偷换概念。选项
C
的
boost the efficiency of CEOs
提高
CEO
的效率，定位段未提到，属于无中生有。
30.
【答案】
A CEOs
Are Not Overpaid
解析：本题目为主旨题，考察文章主旨。根据题干
分析文章主题词为
CEO
的薪酬，所以排除
C
项、
D
项
选项
A
的
CEOs Are Not
Overpaid
首席执行官的薪水并不高。选项
B
的
CEO Pay: Past and Present CEO
的
薪酬：过去和现在，而
CEO
过去的薪酬并不是原文中心，属于偏离主题，因此正确选项为
A
。
Text 3
Madrid was hailed as a public health
beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious
restrictions on the
most
polluting
cars.
Seven
months
and
one
election
day
later,
a
new
conservative
city
council
suspended
enforcement of the
clean air zone, a first step toward its possible
demise.
Mayor Jose Luis Martinez
-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece
of his election campaign,
despite its
success in improving air quality. A judge has now
overruled the city 's decision to stop levying
fines,
ordering them reinstated. But
with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks
uncertain at best.
Among other
weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when
left to tackle dirty air on their own are
politically contentious, and therefore
vulnerable. That s because they inevitably put the
costs of cleaning the air on
to
individual drivers
一
who must
pay fees or buy better vehicles
一
rather than on to the car
manufacturers whose
cheating is the
real cause of our toxic pollution.
It's not hard to imagine a similar
reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low
emission zone (Ulez) is
likely to be a
big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if
Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and
South Circular roads in 2021 as he
intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition
from the far larger number of
motorists
who will then be affected.