2017年高考英语阅读理解文章结构图题
少数民族介绍-
2017
年一模
D
Integrity
Integrity is the
quality of being honest and strong about what you
believe to be right. The
concept of
integrity has played a key role in moral
philosophy throughout history and is promoted
in all societies because of its
importance to social relations. Individual
integrity is vital to society,
one that
enables people to make use of their capacity for
critical reflection, does not force people
to
take
up
particular
roles
and
does
not
encourage
individuals
to
betray
each
other.
Besides,
societies can be favorable to the
development of individual integrity.
Individual integrity can lift up the
spirits of the entire society. It can shape the
lives of people
living
in
a
particular
society,
the
lives
of
all
fellow
people
and,
in
its
broadest
sense,
even
the
destiny(
命运
) of a
nation. By contrast, if those living in the
society are corrupt, it could have bad
effects, jeopardizing the healthy
morality of the society.
On
the
other
hand,
a
society
can
be
favorable
to
the
development
of
individual
integrity.
Society expects
and requires integrity. A society consisting of
people of integrity, and people who
never compromise on their principles,
could have a positive mark on the personal
development
of
its
members.
Being
a
part
of
such
a
morally
lively
community
could
serve
as
a
basis
for
absorbing traits of good character.
This could be of a distinct advantage to any
individuals in the
society.
However, some social structures are of
the wrong sort for some individuals to
pursue(
追求
)
integrity.
If
that
is
the
case,
we
have
to
ask
questions
about
the
moral
nature
of
society
first
before raising
questions about individual integrity. Questions
about integrity may turn out to be
about what kind of society it is,
rather than about the relationship between
individual interests
and
characteristics of a society. The pursuit of
adequate individual integrity often depends, not
so
much
on
understanding
who
one
is
and
what
one
believes
and
is
committed
to,
but
rather
understanding what one’s society is and
imagining wh
at it could be.
Under
no
circumstances
can
we
underestimate
the
importance
of
human
integrity
in
a
society.
People, who are honest, trustworthy, compassionate
and caring, are the factors decisive
in
the growth of individuals as well as the
development of a society.
70. Which of the following shows the
development of ideas in this passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1
CP: Central Point
P:
Point
Sp: Sub-
point(
次要点
)
C
：
Conclusion
参考答案：
A
C
The fight is on to get rid
of air pollution in our cities. While the best
solution in the long-term
would be to
ban fossil-fueled
cars, that won’t help
the millions who are dying in the meantime, and
so some high-tech solutions are now on
the cards.
In
March
2016,
10
London
pigeons
became
famous.
These
pigeons
took
to
the
sky
from
Primrose
Hill
in
north
London,
wearing
backpacks
monitoring
air
pollution.
Once
in
the
air,
the
backpacks sent live air-
quality updates to the smartphones of the
Londoners below.
The
pigeons
and
their
backpacks
were
just
the
latest
in
a
series
of
increasingly
desperate
attempts to
monitor and control air pollution. London’s air
pollution problem has been getting worse
for years, and it often rises to more
than three times the European Union’s legal limit.
Another
promis
ing
approach
can
be
found
in
Beijing,
after
China
declared
a
“
war
against
pollution
” in 2014. A
seven
-metre-
high “Smog Free
Tower”, designed by a Dutch scien
tist,
Daan
Roosegaarde, opened in Beijing’s
751 D Park in September 2016.
It is a huge, outdoor air purifier.
Airborne particles
（颗粒）
are
sucked into the tower where they
receive a positive charge. The
particles are then caught by a negatively charged
dust-removal plate
and clean air is
blown out of the other end. “
Changing
smog particles does not take much
current.
”
Roosegaarde said.
As
for
what
to
do
with
the
collected
PM
waste,
he
has
currently
set
up
a
business
making
jewellery out of the waste.
Prin
ce Charles owns a set of “smog
free” cufflinks(
袖扣
). If
collected on
at a big scale,
Roosegaarde believes it could even be used as a
building material.
Mexico City has an alternative
solution. Looking to Nature to maximize the
surface area of a
building, Allison
Dring, a Berlin-based architect, managed to catch
light and wind from all sides.
She is
now making a building material by burning
agricultural crop by-products in the absence of
oxygen.
“It
means
that
you
are
actually
taking
c
arbon
(
碳
)
out
of
the
sky,
transforming
it
into
a
material, and then using it to build,”
says Dring.
The fight
against outdoor air pollution is really just
starting. Even if none of the ideas take off,
at least Prince Charles’ cufflinks,
the special building surface and
pigeons wearing back-packs will
have
brought the issue more to the public’s
attention.
66. Which of the
following shows the structure of the passage?
I
A.
I
B.
P
2
P
3
P
2
P
3
P
1
P
1
Sp
1
Sp
2
Sp
1
Sp
2
C
C
I
I
C.
D.
P
2
P
2
P
1
P
2
P
1
1 <
/p>
Sp
1
Sp
2<
/p>
Sp
1
Sp
2
C
C
I: Introduction
P: Point
Sp: Sub-point
(
次要点
)
C: Conclusion
参考答案：
B
Benefits
of Cross-Country Skiing
Cross-country
skiing
can
be
enjoyed
by
a
wide
range
of
students,
from
the
youngest
kindergartners to those secondary
students. It is really a fun activity, providing
students a gentle
workout
outside in winter. While having fun, students can
gain physical and mental benefits .
The physical benefits of cross-country
skiing are well known. If
we look at
Olympic cross-
country
skiers,
we
can
see
the
positive
effects
on
the
body
that
result
from
training
for
cross-country skiing. The
average
best female cross-
country skier carries 11 percent body fat, and
best male skiers carry 5 percent. These
percentages are well below the average for people
who
are considered to be athletic-17
percent for females and 10 percent for males. The
high number of
calories burned while
skiing helps to keep skiers slim in a healthy and
attractive way.
Cross-country
skiing is also an efficient way to exercise a
large number of muscles at once.
Because skiers use ski poles as a
me
ans of
propulsion, the force that drives
skiers forward, the
upper body gets
much more of workout. Of course, the leg muscles
also do their fair share. People
who
use cross-country skiing as a workout over several
weeks will discover that the muscles of
their entire body increase in strength.
Cross-
country skiing on a
regular basis has a tremendous effect on a
person’s cardiovascular
system. In addition to gaining strength
in the muscles of the upper and lower body, people
who
use
cross-country
skiing
as
a
workout
method
over
several
weeks
will
also
discover
that
their
heart is stronger. A
strong heart pumps more efficiently, sending out
more blood to the muscles
with
each
contraction(
收缩
).
Through
weeks
of
skiing,
people
often
discover
that
their
resting
heart
rate
has
decreased.
Highly
trained
Olympic
cross-country
skiers
have
resting
heart
rates
between 28 and 40 beats per minute.
Compare that to the resting heart rate of the
average person,
which is 60 to 80 beats
per minute!
The benefits of cross-
country skiing extend beyond overall general
health. A lot of evidence
1
exists indicating that regular physical
activity increases the release of mood-lifting
endorphins (
内
啡肽
)
in the body. After one of the energetic and fun
skiing lessons, students will be smiling and
laughing;
they
will
be
relaxed
and
in
a
better
mood
than
when
they
started
class.
Students
will
leave class with a
sense of accomplishment, knowing that they have
developed new skills in a fun
activity.
Cross-country skiing is a great way to
work the total body. Now more and more students
are
taking part in this exercise
outside during the winter months. They are
enjoying it and benefiting
from it!
66
．
Which of the
following shows the development of ideas in the
passage?
A
B
C
D
CP: Central point
P: Point
Sp:
Sub-point (
次要点
)
C: Conclusion
参考答案：
C
D
Role-Playing in Child
Development
Playing is a key component
in the learning process for virtually all of the
children. There are
1
various ways in which children play,
but one of the most important is involves a
child engaging in an activity during
which he or she pretends to be another person.
Experts
on
child
development
believe
that
role-playing
can
increase
the
connections
in
children’s brains that
help
them learn. Language skills are some of the most
important aspects of
learning. When
children role-play, they
mustwork out
steps that need to be taken to complete a
task,
and
create
plans
to
act
out
astory.
These
activitiesenable
children
to
develop
their
oral
language skills. They
become able toorganize others and to give
directions.
C
hildren’s
social
skills
can
also
bedeveloped.
When
engaged
in
group
activities,
children
have
differentroles.
Some
are
leaders
while
others
are
followers.
At
times,
the
children
will
disagree, so they must learn to
negotiate and compromise with one another, and
they must learn to
apologize when they
have strong arguments or disagreements as well.
Children further learn about
cooperation and sharing and, hopefully,
begin to understand things from another person’s
point of
view.
Besides
helping
children
learn
some
kinds
of
skills,
role-playing
foster
s
children’s
imaginations
and
can
therefore
assume
a
number
of
forms.
For
example,
boys
may
pretend
to
shave
like
their
fathers
or
perform
various
tasks
around
their
homes.
Girls,
meanwhile,
often
pretend to be mothers
to do some daily tasks, particularly if it
involves caring for young babies.
Sometimeschildren may imagine belonging
to a group of superheroes or imitate
(
模仿
) real-life
situations. They might dress up
andassume different roles. Another example is the
performing of
stories they read in
books, which is also very common when they role-
play.
Another beneficial
aspect of role-playing is that it can help
children deal with certain actions
that
may cause them emotional
(
情感的
) pain, such as the fear
they face when going to school for
the
first time or making a visit to the doctor. If
children role-play situations like these
beforehand,
the fear that they
experience when doing these actions in reality
frequently lessens. For this reason,
experts
encourage
parents
to
allow
their
children
to
role-play
and
even
to
take
part
in
these
activities to help their children
master their fears.
Role-playing
can
benefit
children
in
many
ways.
There
is
no
activity
for
which
young
children are better prepared than
fantasy play. Nothing is more dependable and risk-
free, and the
dangers are only pretend.
70.
Which of the following shows the organization of
the passage?
A.
B.
1