工作中创新的必要性
shower是什么意思-
工作中创新的必要性
创优论文
整理
在日常的工作中因为需要增加适应性竞争力和劳动力市场的灵
活
性
,
是为了促进创新和创造力
(
通过实践来学习和学习使用
)
，于是如何
灵活均衡运用成了必须具备的学习项目。
终身学习在快速变化的市场背
景下是至关重要的，
它可以让人们
在就业中学习到新技能以便于更好的
工作。本文指出在创新过程中的创新思路和技能，研
究角色技能在劳动
力市场中占据的比重
,
以及创新活动中描述和职业参与的量化技能的多
样性。罗马尼亚的公共资金与欧盟成员
国资金相比
,
行动的主要方向以
促进创
新和建立创新政策的原则。
我
们举一个现实的研究案例
,
假设需要把罗马尼亚劳工市场变为<
/p>
“永
久”
[1],
会出现增加竞争力、市场动态、使用新技术、信息的数量、工
作不安全感、
劳动力市场波动等。
这些过程的出现会使失业率上升和长
< br>时间的经济危机发生的加剧
,
通过终身学习会发现，灵活
运用劳动力市
场和就业保障的转型才可能保证不使这一现象全球化。
In the
context of rapid changes, lifelong learning is
essential in keeping people in
employment by making a good as
possible
correspondence between new skills and better jobs.
The
increased
flexibility
of
labour
market
due
to
the
need
to
increase
adaptability and competitiveness must
be balanced by instant
flexible
lifelong
learning
programs,
which
promote
innovation
and
creativity
(learning
by
doing
and
learning
by
using).
The
article
defines innovation
and skills, investigates the role of labor
market
skills
in
the
innovation
process,
describes
and
quantifies
the
diversity
of
skills
and
occupations
involved
in
specific
types
of innovation activity. Having in mind
Romanian
’
s low public
funding compared to the EU States, the
principles of the
innovation policy and
main directions of action are established
in order to promote
innovation.
We
consider
an
useful
and
timely
study,
given
the
need
to
bring
the
Romanian
labor
market
to
rush
[1],
that
increase
competitiveness,
dynamic markets, using new technologies, the
volume of information, job insecurity,
labor market volatility
etc. These
processes appeared difficult to control the
intensification of globalization,
rising unemployment and the
occurrence
of prolonged economic crisis that requires the
transformation of the flexible labor
market and employment
security
by
ensuring
the
continuous
training
which
has
a
primary
role. The next
period will be characterized by dynamic growth
markets
and
companies
will
be
looking
for
innovative
staff,
well
trained to contribute
to timely completion of projects, adapted
to fluctuating market: sharp increase
in production, orders and
circumstantial contingencies. In the
new context,
competitiveness
is
not
something
optional
entry
price
is
himself
on the court (1). Everything changes in
a measure to counteract
accelerated and
emerging challenges to look for another answer
that will lead to increasing
adaptability of labor markets in
particular
European
and
Romanian
labor
market.
The
solution
found
by
academics and
scientists
to this
challenge
was
the
concept
of
flexicurity,
based
on
the
fundamental
idea
that
the
two
dimensions
of flexibility
and security are not contradictory, but support
each other. The concept has been widely
debated and interpreted
differently
by
the
social
partners,
there
are
several
definitions,
among
which,
as
a
political
strategy
[3]
or
as
a
multidimensional
concept [4]. Therefore, adapting to new
changes, require more
flexible labor
market combined with levels of security,
addressing the new needs of employees
and employers. People's
confidence in
future employment opportunities in human capital,
in
decent
work
and
labor
market
development
needs urgently
to
be
strengthened.
At
the
same
time,
companies
require
an
appropriate
business climate, transparent and legal
framework to increase
business
potential and create new jobs. Security relates to
training
opportunities
for
all
workers,
especially
those
with
low
skills
and older workers to enhance skills and achieving
upward
mobility. In conclusion, it
wants a new interaction between
flexibility and security that
emphasizes the potential of
obtaining
results such as
employers and
employees), where it was traditionally perceived
as a conflict of interest
[5].
Increased flexibility of labor markets
due to the need to
increase
competitiveness must be offset by continuing
flexible
training
programs,
courts
that
promote
innovation
and
creativity.
Competencies (skills) for labor
innovation have a key role in
increasing innovation which has now
become a decisive factor of
economic
development. For companies to adapt quickly and
successfully the new challenges need
innovative employees to be
united for
the same purpose. In general, there is a causal
relationship between increased demand
for high levels of
education, training
and skills and offer technical and
organizational innovation. In the
literature, has shown that
investment
in equipment, innovation and human capital are
generally complementary and mutually
reinforcing. Rising skill
requirement
is determined, on the other hand, the intensity of
competition
has
changed
the
strategy
of
many
companies
across
the
diversified
quality
production.
On
the
other
hand,
in
developing
and disseminating
technical and organizational innovations an
important
role
is
played
by
non-S
&
T
Workforce.
In
the
literature
there are many definitions of the
concept of
is
no
generally
accepted
precise
definition
(The
Notion
of
has been one of the most
elusive and hardest to define concepts
in Labor Economics
The Jobs
Training Charade, Cornell University Press, Ithaca
and
London,
2002:
75). In
general,
this
concept
refers to
assets
productive workforce, which are
acquired through learning
activities.
In Bussines Dictionary, the concept of
defined
as
Acquired
Ability
and
capacity
through
deliberate,
systematically, and Sustained effort to
smoothly and adaptively
carryout
activities or job functions involving complex
ideas
(cognitive skills), things
(technical skills), and / or people
(interpersonal
skills)
literature that reflects the
impact of technological change on
the
qualifications are: distribution of employment by
level of
occupation, employment
distribution by level of education,
methods
of
allocation
of
labor
by
level
of
education
and
belonging
to
a
sector
of
performance
(in
meaning
of
statistics
in
Romania),
measuring changes
in job tasks and characteristic attributes
needed to succeed at work, studies of
employers or employees to
determine
skill levels needed to succeed at work. Investment
in
innovation
intensity
is
not
homogeneous
on
the
economy,
but
varies
considerably
depending of industry and company size. Investment
generates a variety of skills workforce
needed to implement
activities.
Innovation is defined as
significantly improved product (good or
service), or process, a
new marketing
method or a new method in business Organisational
practices, workplace organization or
external relations
Manual,
Third
Edition,
OECD
and
Eurostat,
2005:
46).
Research
and
development
is
a
key
part
of
innovation
activity,
defined
in
the
literature as
basis in order
to increase the stock of knowledge, including
knowledge
of
people,
culture
and
society,
and
the
use
of
this
stock
of
knowledge to devise new applications
edition, OECD
2002b).
activities: basic research,
applied research and experimental
development. To identify the important
skills in achieving
innovation studies
have been undertaken [5] which revealed that
over a
quarter
of
business
that have
innovated
believe
that lack
of qualified
personnel was a constraint in their ability to
innovate . Other factors such as direct
cost, small size and
excessive risk
market barriers have been identified as a high
percentage
of
companies
that
have
innovated.
There
are
a
variety
of
necessary
skills
for
innovation
and
also
difficult
to
achieve
a correlation
between different measures of skills, such as
occupation and education, on the one
hand and intensity of
innovation in the
industry, on the other.
Analyzing the distribution
of labor by sex and educational
level,
Figure
1.,
We
can
see
that
women
represent
the
largest
share
in total workforce with higher levels
of education, colleges of
supervisors
and
specialized
or
technical
school
-
namely,
50;
66%;
50,.36%
and
48,24%.
Instead,
one
can
observe
a
higher
proportion
of men among
graduates of vocational schools and apprenticeship
–
70,83%
respectively,
compared
to
29,17%
for
women,
indicating
that men leave early and start the
business education. Although
level of
education of women is higher men, it seems that
further
professional development,
career advancement of women that is
much slower, requiring implementation
of specific measures to
accelerate
it.
Regarding
the
distribution
of
the
occupations
of
the
employed
population in 2010, the majority of
people are in the group of
occupations
workers
in
agriculture, forestry, hunting,
fishing
and
fisheries
in
percentage
of
24,2%,
followed
the
group
clusters with fewer employed
people are
authorities at all levels
...
occupations
only 10,8% of the employed persons.
Also, men are present in a
greater
groups of occupations that require substantial
physical
effort
–
79,19% of all skilled workers in industrial,
construction,
transportation,
telecommunications
etc.
and
58,64%
of
unskilled workers .
The
analysis
of
distribution
of
employment
by
education
level
of
long-term
education
may
notice
certain
changes
in
this
period.
Thus, given the
growth of 69% in the period 2000 - 2010,
respectively
from
775679
to
1.314.661
people,
people
with
higher
education
category
occupied
with
higher
education
and
scientific
in 2010, 69.06% of
total value. Category of occupation
and
workers
skilled
in
agriculture,
forestry
and
fishing
posted
a
significant
drop in
the share
of
workers
with
higher
long-term
education,
indicating
a
low
tech
of
the
field
and,
therefore,
the
innovation in this basic
economic activity. Also observed an
increase
in
the
proportion
of
people
with
higher
education
in
the