人教版英语必修五第五单元知识点
-
U5(BX5)
First aid
Language points
1 Aid
(v)
帮助
;
援助
=help sb
帮助某人去做
…. aid sb to
do
在
…
事
帮助某人
aid sb in …
He aided me in business.
I aided her to continue her
study.
At Christmas, many
organizations aid the poor.
n
/U/
帮助
;
援助
在某人的帮助下
with the aid of
(
为了帮助
… in
aid
of
Teachers give their
lessons with the aid of computers.
He raised money in aid of the
sick.
知识拓展：
give/offer
aid
援助
come to sb.'s aid
帮助某人
cut off aid
（突然）终止援助
a hearing aid
助听器
teaching aids
教具
《
medical aid
医疗救护
2. temporary
暂时的，临时的
temporary
relief from pain
短暂的解痛
temporary work/ solution
临时工作
/
解决办法
3. fall ill
fall+ adj.
ill
asleep
awake
；
sick
silent
His wife
suddenly _______ ________ last week.
She has _______
________
for a week.
fell
ill
been
ill
4
get+
过去分词
表被动或状态
The
computer got damaged when we were
moving.
My bike is getting
repaired now.
My glasses got
broken while I was playing basketball.
%
Peter and Mary
got married last year.
get
done
get
injured
受伤
get
dressed
穿衣服
get
damaged
遭到破坏
get
changed
改变
get
married
结婚
get
infected
被感染
get
broken
被弄破
get
lost
迷失，走失
.
5 injure v.
______ n.
______
adj.
injury to sth.
…
（部位）的伤
He got ________________ at work.
他干活时腿受了重伤。
(injury)
He __________ in the accident.
< br>他在意外事故中受了伤。
(injure)
injuries to the legs
got injured
injury
injured
hurt
肉体，精神上的伤害（一般用语）
，疼痛
,
injure
意外或事故而受伤
wound
指外伤（刀、枪、剑伤）
wounded
injured
hurt
hurt
injured
He got
_______ in the fighting.
He
was badly _______ in a car accident.
Her words ________ me
deeply.
}
I _____
my back when I
fell.
My feet _______
.
6. bleed-blood-
bloody
(v.) (n.)
(adj.)
His nose was bleeding. = He was
bleeding at the nose .= He has a bloodynose.
他在流鼻血。
bleed for<
/p>
为
…
而流血
,
悲痛
bleed to
death
出血过多而死
lose
blood
流血、失血
flesh
and blood
血肉之躯
~
7. choke
vi. & vt.
窒息
;
阻塞
She choked
with emotion.
她激动得说不出话来。
The smoke almost choked me.
烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来。
At
the bad news, he couldn't choke back his
tear
听到这则噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼泪。
The man gave a few chokes and then got
his breath.
那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来。
adj.
最重要的，不可缺少的，本质的
1)Sun and water are essential to the
growth of
crops.
阳光和水是农作物生长不可缺的。
2)It is essential for us to set our
study goal.
我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标。
3)It is essential that you (should) win
the voter's
hearts.
赢得选民的信任是至关重要的。
-----
当用
it
充当主
语而用它充当表语时，
that
从句的谓语动词用
should
+
动词原形
。
，
9. Y
ou have three layers of
skin which act as a barrier against
disease,…
act as
作为
….
barrier
屏障
,
障碍物
,
隔阂
You should show the ticket at the
barrier.
The language
barrier
against
反对
,
阻止
which
act
as
barrier
定从
·
10poison n./vt.
毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒
eg:1)Poisons must be put out of
children's
reach.
毒药一定要放在孩子们够不到的地方。
2)This matter will make some poison to
the crops.
这种物质会对庄稼造成毒害。
3)Books of this kind can make poison to
children.
这类书会对儿童造成毒害。
4)Heroin has poisoned a lot of
people.
海洛因毒害了很多人。
5)The polluted water in the river
poisoned people
here.
污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒。
-----poisonous
adj.
有毒
(
害
)
< br>的
eg: This
medicine is poisonous if taken in large
quantities.
…against/
from…
保护
…
不受
…
的损害
prevent…from doing
阻止．
．
．
Wear sunglasses to
_________________________.
|
You need warm
clothes______________________.
Nobody can
_____________________________
(
阻止他们结婚
)
．
protect your eyes from strong
light
to protect you against
cold
prevent them from
getting married
It is my
duty to ____ my students from being hurt when they
are in danger. D
A. prevent
B. save C. stop D. protect
prevent sb. (from) doing
stop sb. (from) doing
keep sb. from doing
@
12. sense (n. &
v.)
five
senses
：
sense of
smell
sense of
hearing
the sixth
sense
sense of
touch
sense of
sight
sense of
taste
sense ofhumour
< br>、
duty
、
directio
n
The man has
no
common sense .
(
无常识
)
>
What he said
made no
sense.(
没道理
)
sense (v.)
感觉到
Although she didn’t say anything,
I sense
d that she didn’t
like the idea
.
(
我感觉到她不喜欢这个主意）
as you can
imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very
serious.
该句是一个主从复合句，
主
句为：
So if your skin gets burned, it
can be very serious
；从句为：
as
you can imagine.
as
引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，有
“
正如
……”
或
“
就象
……”
的意思；它所引
的从句位置较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。
另外，该句的主句中还含有一个
if
引导的条件状
语从句。请看类似的句子：
As you can see,
if they are not properly protected, the farmlands
will become desserts sooner or
later.
~
正如你所看到的，这些农田如果保护不当迟早会变成沙漠。
as we all know
= as
is known to all
as
we
expect
= as
is
expected
as
everybody can see
as you can
imagine
不同的，各种各样的
There
are various colors to choose from.
vary
vi
1.
～
(in
sth)
——
be different in size,
volume, strength, etc(
体积、
容积、
力量等
)
呈现不同
Opinions vary on this
point.
]
15. vary
～
(with sth);
～
(from sth to
sth)
——
change ,
esp according to some
factor
改变
,
变动
,
变化（尤指伴随某种因素而产生）
Prices vary with seasons.
物价随季节而变动
Her mood
varied from optimism to extreme depression.
她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉
variety
n.
变化，多样性，种类
We all
need variety in our diet.
我们都需要饮食多样化
The
shopping center sells a variety of
goods
a variety of+
名词
,
谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一致
on
取决于
,
依赖
,
依靠
,
信赖
,
信任
His whole family depends on
him
他全家都靠他养活
.
&
He is a man to
be depended on
他是个可以信赖的人
dependent
( adj. )
dependence (
n.
)
independent (
adj. )
independence
(n.)
17. mild-milder-
mildest-mildly
Examples
include
mild
sunburn
and
burns
caused
by
touching
a
hot
pan,
stove
or
iron
for
a
moment.
mild
在这个句子中的意思是
“
轻微的、不严重的
”
。
如：
Edward suffered from a
mild heart
attack.
爱德华犯了轻微的心脏病。
mild
还可以表示
“
温和的、暖和的；味淡的
”
（
如：
She’s the mildest person I
have ever met in my life.
她是我平生见到过的最温柔的人了
a
mild climate
温暖的天气
mild cheese
淡味奶酪
gentle/soft/ mild
The punishment is very
______ .
The weather is
______ .
I like a _____
pillow.
He was a person of
_____
birth.
(
身世良好
)
He spoke in a ___________________
voice.
—
mild
mild
gentle
soft
gentle/soft/
mild
18.
词语辨析
:
electric
电的
,
发电的
,
由电产生的
,
用于
导电的
.
electrical
有关电的
,
与电有关的
.
electricity
电<
/p>
,
电力
.
电力学
—
electric generator
发电机
,
electric
cooker
电炉
,
electric iron
电熨斗
,
electric
engineer
电机工程师
vt./vi. Swell swelled/
swelled swollen
使膨胀，使
< br>(
力量，数目等
)
增长，使壮大
，
The wind swelled the
sails.
风使船帆鼓起。
His injured wrist began to swell
(up).
他那受伤的手腕开始肿起。
Her face swelled up with
toothche.
The wind swelled
into a storm.
风力渐增，终于形成一场暴风雨。
a
small business swelled into a big
company.
壮大
4)Never swell with pride when you make
some contributions.
有了贡献不要沾沾自喜。
swell
with pride/anger
得意洋洋、怒气冲冲
The doctor
examined the swelling on my back.
swollen
adj.
肿胀的
His eyelid is swollen.
他眼皮肿了。
stick sth. to sth.
粘住
Stick the glue
to my fingers.
stick to
doing sth
stick to
坚持
stick to one’s
view
坚持自己的观点
21.
jewellery=jewelry
珠宝
(
总称
)
不可数
{
jewel
可数，珠宝，珍视的人、物
The
____ were kept in the safe.
Many women like to buy as much _______
as possible.
Father always
says I am his ______ .
jewel
jewellery
jewels
She
appeared at the reception wearing her finest
jewels.
She locked her
jewels in the jewellery box.
;
My sister has _ .
A. a piece of jewellery
B. a jewellery
C.
a little of jewels
D. a bit
jewellery
burns
immediately with cool but not icy
water.
立即用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不要用冰水
-y
是个形容词后缀。如：
windy
有风
hilly
多小山的
sleepy
困倦的
greeny
略呈绿色的
spicy
辛辣的
woody
树木茂密的
23.
unbearable
不能忍受的
？
un
—<
/p>
不能
….,
无法
….
unforgettable
unwilling
unusual
uncertain
unfair
unfit
unbelievable
unfortunate
unlike
|
uncomfortable
24.
squeeze
挤；压；塞
sth. into sth.
把
……
塞进
sth. from/ out of sth.
挤出
through
挤过
sth. out of
sb.
敲诈逼某人说出
sb
in
挤出时间见某人
crocodile squeezed a tear.
I
squeezed myself onto the crowded train.
He squeezed everything into a
suitcase.
/
She watched her grandma squeeze the
juice out of a lemon attentively
Although I am busy, I still can
squ
eeze you in at 10 o’clock
Those blackmailers
intended
to
squeeze
more
money
out
of
him.
那些勒索者打算向他榨取
更多钱。
I’ll never give in to you,
and you can squeeze nothing out of me
The little boy is squeezing the
toothpaste from the tube onto the
toothbrush
25. over and over
again
List some phrases or
words that have similar meaning over and
over
again and
again
over and again
many times
~
repeatedly
from
time to time
now and
then
now and
again
Sometimes
At times
On
occasions
26. Hold the
bandage in place with
tape.
用胶布把绷带固定。
in
place
在适当的地方。如：
The librarian put the returned books in
place.
图书馆员把还回的图书放到原处。
：
You’d better
put things back in
place.
你最好把你的东西放回原位。
Her dress was out of place at the cerem
ony.
（不得体
,
不适当）
in place
还有
“
准备就绪
”
的意思。如：
The arrangements for the
concert next Saturday are all in
place.
周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。
With everything in place, she started
the slide show.
1.
倒
,
灌
,
注
She poured herself another cup of tea.
她为自己又倒了一杯茶。
2.
倾注
;
大量投入
;
大量生产
They have poured money into the tourist
industry.
他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅游业。
·
3
倾吐
,
诉说
She often pours her troubles to
friends.
她经常向朋友们倾诉自己的苦恼。
不及物动词
vi.
1.
倾泻
,
涌流
The crowd poured out of the concert
hall.
人群从音乐厅涌出来。
Sweat poured from Martin's face.
马丁脸上汗如雨下。
2.
斟茶
Shall I pour
我来斟茶好吗
3 (
雨
)
倾盆而降
(+down)
The rain poured steadily down.
大雨不停地倾盆而下。
Pour cold water on/over
对
…
泼冷水
Pour
oil on the flames
火上浇油
Pour oil on troubled
waters
平息风波
I.
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
`
1. There are
over 115 different kinds of ________ (poison)
snakes in Australia.
2.
Doctors in that hospital are developing a new
_________ (treat) for cancer.
3. He is a ____ (mildly) person who
never shouts.
poisonous
treatment
mild
4. This
machine has an ________ (electric)
fault.
（与电有关的）
5.
His face was ______ (swell) up with
toothache.
6. If he _____
(blood) too much, his life will be in
danger.
7. His foot was
burned by hot water and there were several ______
(water) blisters on it.
-
swollen
bleeds
watery
electrical
II.
根据句意
,
选择适当的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空。
1. protect; defend
a. Taking an umbrella can _______ you
from rain.
b. Schools should
give children lessons on how to _____________
themselves.
protect
protect /
defend
2. wound; injure; hurt
a. She was badly ____________ when she
fell off her bike.