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2021年2月13日发(作者：初中化学实验探究)

定语从句

1

．

It rained hard yesterday, prevented me from going to the park.

A. that B. which C. as D. it

→

the diagram shows, the sum spent on tobacco is nearly as large as

that spent on alcohol.

A. As B. Which C. What D. Like

２

. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man

he was twenty years ago.

A. which B. that C. who D. whom

3.

Chinese

customs

police

wondered

if

there

were

some

underground

passages

the cocaine had been smuggled into China from Myanmar.

A. through which B. in which C. through that D. in that

4. The temperature Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometer readings are

equal is 40 degrees.

A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at which

5. There was a storm I had never experienced before.

A. such as B. as which C. with which D. for such

6.

The

residents, had

been

damaged

by

the

earthquake,

were

given

help

by the government.

A. all their homes B. all whose homes

C. all of whose homes D. all of their homes

7.

The

course

normally

attracts

30

students

per

year, up

to

half

will

from overseas.

A. in which B. for whom C. with which D. of whom

8.

Perhaps

ther

e’

only

one

thing

on

which

the

citizens

of

Atlanta

do

agree:

there

’

s

only a city will not look the same or be the same after this summer.

A. that B. which C. as D. where

9. The team can handle whatever .

A. that needs handling B. which need handling

C. it needs handling D. needs to be handled

10. The physician has made a discovery, of great importance to the

progress of science and technology.

A. I think which is B. that I think is

C. which I think is D. which I think it is

11.

John

returned

with

two

laborers,

with help

we

finally

get

the

car

out of the mud.

A. their B. whose C. / D. that

12.

She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as

a secretary in our company.

A. which B. when

C. how D. where

→She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in

our company.

A. which B. when

C. how D. where

→

(1) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.

A. which B. when

C. how D. where

(2) Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.

A. which B. when

C. how D. where

(3) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.

A. where B. when

C. that D. which

非谓语动词

caused the party to be put off

-_____ the invitation.

A. Tom delayed sending

B. Tom's delaying sending

C. Tom delaying to send

D .Tom delayed send

2. I

can't get my car____ on

cold mornings, so I have to

try

____ the radiator with

some hot water.

A. run, to fill B. running, filing

C. running, to fill D. ran, filling

3.

Anyone

_________

bags,

boxes,

or

whatever,

was

stopped

by

the

pol

ice.

A.

seen

carry

B.

seen

carrying

C.

saw

to

carry

D.

saw

carrying

【分析】此题答案选

B

，

< br>anyone

seen

carrying

bags…

为

anyone

who

was

seen

carrying

bags

之略，其中过去分词短

语

seen

carrying

bags

…

用作定语修饰代词

anyone

。另外，句中

的

who

was

seen

carrying

bags

为

see

sb

doing

sth

这一结构的被动式。

4.

Now

everyone

here

was

working

hard

and

doing

what

they

could

___

______

more

money.

A.

make

B.

to

make

C.

making

D.

made

【分析】此题容易误选

A

。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词

could

就断定此处应填动

词原形

< p>
make

。其实正确答案应是

B

< br>，此句为省略句，即在

could

后省略了动词

do

< br>，

若把句子补完整应为

Now

everyone

here

was

working

hard

and

doing

what

they

could

do

to

make

more

money

，即句中的不定 式短语

(to

make

more

money)

是用作目的状语的，

而不 是与情态动词

(could)

一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：

(1)

My

parents

did

what

they

could

_________

my

aunt

and

uncle.

A.

help

B.

to

help

C.

helping

D.

helped

(2)

He

read

what

he

could

_________

his

knowledge.

A.

widen

B.

to

widen

C.

widening

D.

widened

以上两题均选

B< /p>

，

即选不定式，

且此不定式为目的状语。

但是，

同学们若据此形成思维定势，

也 会麻烦。为此，请再看两题：

(3)

He

ran

as

fast

as

he

could

_________to

catch

the

bus.

A.

hope

B.

to

hope

C.

hoping

D.

hoped

此题的 最佳答案不是

B

，

而是

C

，

其中的现在分词短语

hoping

to

catch

the

bus

用

< br>作伴随状语，即一边跑一边希望能赶上早班车。但是，如果选

B

< br>，

将

to

hope

to

catch

the

bus

视为目的状语行不行 呢不行。因为“他拼命地跑”

目的是“为了赶上公共汽车”，

而 不是“为了希望赶上公共汽车”，

换句话说，

将“希望”

作为“目的”不妥。因为同样的原因，下面一题也应选

hoping

：

He

studied

as

hard

as

he

could

_________

to

enter

a

good

college.

A.

hope

B.

to

hope

C.

hoping

D.

hoped

(4)

He

spent

every

minute

he

could

_________

foreign

languages.

A.

study

B.

to

study

C.

studying

D.

studied

此题也应选

C

，但是，它与上题选现在分词

hoping

表伴随有所不同，此题

的

studying

其实与其前的动词

spend

有关，即套用的是“spend

+

时间或金

钱

+

(in)

doing

sth”这一句型。

5.

All

her

time

_________

experiments,

she

has

no

time

for

sports.

A.

devoted

to

do

B.

devoted

to

doing

C.

devoting

to

doing D.

is

devoted

to

doing

【分析】此题最佳答案为

B

。现分析如下：

(1)

devote

意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用于

devote…to…或

be

devoted

to

，

其中的

to

是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词 时要用动名词，不用不定式。

(2)

选

A

错误：若将

do

改为

doing

则可以。

(3)

选

B

正确：

all

her

time

devoted

to

doing

experiments

为独立主格结构，

用作状语。

(4)

选

C

错误：因为

all

her

time

与

devote

< br>为被动关系，故应将

devoting

改为

devoted

。

(5)

选

D

错误：

若单独看

All

her

time

is

devoted

to

doing

experiments

，

此

句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，

假若在后一句的句首加上

and

或

< p>
so

，则可选

D

，或将< /p>

D

中的

is

改为

being

也可以。

6.

“What

made

her

struggle

_________

an

artist

so

hard”

“

_________

she

was

a

woman.”

A.

became,

不填

B.

to

become,

不填

C.

become,

That

D.

to

become,

That

【分析】

此题容易误选

C

< br>，

想当然地认为第一空应填

become

(

不带

to)

，

是因为其前有使

役动 词

made

。其实，此题应选

D

，

在

What

made

her

struggle

to

become

an

artist

so

hard

一句中，

what

是句子主语，

made

是谓语，

her

struggle

to

become

an

artist

是宾

语

(

其中的不定式

to

become

an

artist

是修饰

her

struggle

的定语

)

，

so

hard

是 宾语补足语。许多同学误选

C

是将

her

struggle

看作宾语，而

将

become

an

artist

看作是宾语补足语，

照此分析，

so

hard

又是什么成分呢第二

空填

< p>
That

，

用以引导主语从句

(

此

that

不可省略

)

，

其后的谓语和宾语等被省略，

若

补充完整，即

为

That

she

was

a

woman

made

her

struggle

to

become

an

artist

so

hard.

7.

I

found

I

could

easily

make

myself

_________

by

using

sign

langu

age.

A.

understood

B.

understand

C.

to

understand

D.

being

understood

【分析】答案选

A

，但容易误选

B< /p>

，即硬套“make

+

名词或代词

+

动词原形”这一结

构。

但是对于该结构同学们忽略了一点，

就是该结构中的名词或代词应与其后动词有逻辑上

的主谓关系，

而对于上面一题，

myself

与动词

understand

显然不是主谓关系，

而是动

宾关系，或者说 是被动关系，故此时的动词应用过去分词表被动。又如：

1)

As

a

teacher,

you

should

make

yourself

_________.

A.

respect

B.

respecting

C.

respected

D.

to

respect

(2)

He

spoke

loudly

so

as

to

make

his

voice

_________.

A.

hear

B.

hearing

C.

heard

D.

to

hear

(3)

Do

you

know

what

made

her

so

_________

A.

frighten

B.

frightening

C.

frightened

D.

to

frighten

答案均选

C

，即用过去分词表示被动意义（其中

frightened

为过去分词转化来的形容

词）。

8.

Once

your

business

becomes

international,

_________

constantly

will

be

part

of

your

life.

A.

you

fly

B.

your

flight

C.

flight

D.

flying

【分析】最佳答案为

D

。由于空格后出现了

constantly

这一副词，这就说明不能选

B

或

C

，

因为

B

、

C

均为名词，不能受副词

constantly

的修饰。

A< /p>

和

D

均是可能的，因为其中有

< p>
动词

fly

。但若选< /p>

A

，

you

fly

是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语

will

be

相冲突，

< p>
所以只能选

D

，即动名词

flying

在此用作主语。

9.

Not

only

should

you

get

used

_________

under

difficult

conditions

but

you

also

you

pay

more

attention

_________

your

work

well.

A.

to

work,

to

do

B.

to

working,

to

doing

C.

to

work,

to

doing

D.

to

working,

to

do

【 分析】

正确答案为

B

，

因为

get

used

to

与

pay

attention

to

这两个结 构中的

to

均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名 词，不能用动词原形。类似地，以下各

结构中的

to

也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词， 而不是动词原形：

look

forward

to

doing

sth

盼望做某事

be

opposed

to

doing

sth

反对做某事

object

to

doing

sth

反对做某事

stick

to

doing

sth

坚持做某事

get

down

to

doing

sth

开始做某事

take

to

doing

sth

喜欢上做某事

admit

to

doing

承认做了某事

pay

attention

to

doing

sth

注意做某事

devote

one’s

time

to

doing

sth

把某人的时间用于

(

奉献于

)

做某事

be

equal

to

doing

sth

等于做某事，能胜任做某事

What

do

you

say

to

doing

sth

你认为做某事怎么样

10.

“Do

you

have

anything

more

_________,

sir”

“No.

You

can

have

a

rest

or

do

something

else.”

A.

typing B.

to

be

typed

C.

typed

D.

to

type

【分析】此题容易 误选

D

，根据

have

sth

to

do

这一常用结构推出。其实，最佳答

案是

B

。确实，在“have+宾语

+

不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动

含 义，如

I

have

some

clothes

to

wash

等，即尽管其中的

some

clothes

与其

后的不定式

to

wash

具有被动关系，

但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。

但值得指出的

< br>是

，

这

类

句

型

的

主

语

与

其

后

的

不

定

式

具

有

主

动

关

系

，

如

I

have

some

clothes

to

wash

中的

to

wash

就是由该句主语

I

来完成

的。而上面一题的情形有所 不同，即其中的

to

type

这一动作不是由句子主语

you

来

完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较：

< br>

Are

you

going

to

Shanghai

Do

you

have

anything

to

take

to

your

son

你要去上海吗你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗

I’m

going

to

Shanghai

next

week.

I

have

a

lot

of

things

to

take

with

me.

下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。

同位语从句

同位语从句属于名词性从句

,

常常跟在

fact, promise, reason, truth, idea, opinion,

news, hope, belief, suggestion, conclusion, information, order, decision

等名词

后面。同位语从句一般 用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容

,

在逻辑上表现为同 位关

系。

要突破同位语从句

,

需要注意以下几点

:

一

、

正

确

使

用

同

位

语

从

句

的

引

导

词

。

< br>引

导

同

位

语

从

句

的

主

要

有

连

接

词

that(

不

用

which),whether (

不用

if)

。

1.

如果同位语从句意义完整

,

不缺少句子成分

,

常用

that

引导同位语从句。例如

:

I heard the news that our team had won.

我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

2.

如果同位语从句表示

是否

含义时

< p>
,

常用

whether

引 导同位语从句。例如

:

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.

他必须回答他是否同意

这样一个问题。

[

原题再现

]

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