考研英语阅读理解真题解析第二篇“智商测验”
-
2007 Text 2
For
the
past
several
years,
the
Sunday
newspaper
supplement
Parade
has
featured
a
column
called
“Ask
Marilyn.”
People
are
invited
to
query
Marilyn
vos
Savant,
who
at
age
10
had
tested
at
a
mental
level
of
someone
about 23 years old;
that gave her an IQ of 228
–
the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you
to complete verbal
and visual
analogies, to envision
paper after it
has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical
sequences, among
other similar tasks.
So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields
such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is
100)
as, What’s the difference between
love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck
and coincidence?
①It’s not
obvious how the capacity to visualize
objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits
one to answer questions that
have
eluded some of the best poets and
philosophers.
在过
去的几年，
《星期日报》的增刊《漫步》开设了一个名为“询问玛丽琳”的专栏。人们被
邀请去询
问玛丽琳•沃斯•萨文特，玛丽琳•沃斯•萨文特在
1
0
岁时测试的智力水平达到别人
23
岁
时的水平，这使得她
的智商高达
228――是有记录的最高水平
。智商测试要求你完成口头和视觉分析，要求你在纸张被折叠、
剪切后想象它的形状，<
/p>
要求你推论数字的顺序，
还有其他类似的项目。
< br>所以，
当沃斯•萨文特面对普通人
（智
< br>商为
100
）提出的像“热爱与喜爱之间的区别是什么？
”或者“运气与巧合的特征是什么？”这样的问题
时，她感到有点困惑。设想物体、判断
数字模式的能力如何使一个人能够回答难倒了一些最杰出的诗人和
哲学家的问题，这可并
不那么显而易见。
mental
adj.
精神的
,
智力的
verbal
adj.
口头的
【记】
verb
（言语），＋
al
（形容词后缀）＝口头的；
nonverbal
：不用语言的
analogy
n.
类似
,
类推
【习】
have an analogy to/with
具有与
...
相似之处
;by analogy
用类推法
【例】
No analogy exists between
them.
两者毫无相似之处。
envision
vt.
想象
,
预想
numerical
adj.
数字的
,
用数表示的
fondness
n.
爱好
,
溺爱
coincidence
n.
一致
,
相合
,
同时发生或同时存在
(
尤指偶然
)
的事
【巧】
co<
/p>
（
together
）
< br>+ incidence
（
incident
）＝
coincidence
：两个小的事情同时
发生，“巧合”
【例】
What a
coincidence.
多巧啊。
elude
v.
躲避
1
、
It's
not
obvious
how
the
capacity
to
visualize
objects
and
to
figure
out
numerical
patterns
suits
one
to
answer
questions that have eluded some of the
best poets and philosophers.
【译文】
有些问题连一些最杰出的诗人和哲学家都难以回答，
但是想象物体和计算数字模式的能力
却能使
人找出答案，其中原因并不为人所知。
【析句】
这是一个简单句，
It
只是形式主语，真正的主语是
how
引导的主语从句。而在主语从句中，主语
是
the capacity to visualize objects and
to figure out numerical patterns
，
谓语是
suits
，
宾语是
one
，
to answer que
stions
是宾语补足语，而
questions
后又跟了一个定语从句。
【讲词】
visualize
意为
想象
，是
imagine
的同义词。例如：
He had a hard time to visualize the scene as it was
described.
（他难以设想所描绘的场
景。
）
编辑版
word
elude
表示
躲避
，
也可表示
理解不了，
想不起来
。
根据句
中的意思，
可以译为
回答不了
。
例如：
The
answer
to this question eluded me for a
long time, perhaps because it was so simple.
（
这个问题的答案我想了许久，
也许是
因为问题太简单了。
）
Clearly, intelligence encompasses more
than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to
be smart? How much of
intelligence
can
be
specified,
and
how
much
can
we
learn
about
it
from
neurology,
genetics,
computer
science
and
other fields?
毫无疑问，
智力包含的不仅仅是一次
测试所得的分数。
而聪明意味着什么？可以明确显示智力有多少？
我们能够从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学以及其他领域了解的智力又有多少？
encompass
v.
包围
,
环绕
,
包含或包括某事物
The defining term of intelligence in
humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though
IQ tests are not given as
often as they
used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms:
the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the
Wechsler
Intelligence Scales (both come
in adult and children’s version). Generally
costing several hundred dollars, they are
usually given only by psychologists,
although variations of them populate bookstores
and the World Wide Web.
②
Superhigh scores like vos
Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring
is now based on a statistical population
distribution among age peers, rather
than simply dividing the mental age by the
chronological age and multiplying by
100.
Other standardized
tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test
(SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE),
capture the main aspects of IQ
tests.
人类有关智力的定义
性术语似乎仍然是智商分数，即使人们并不像以前那样经常进行智商测试。智商
测试主要
表现为两种形式：斯坦福—比奈特智力衡量表和威斯勒智力衡量表（两种都包含成人和儿童测试
< br>类型）
。
由于这些测试一般要花费几百美元，因此通常只
有心理学家才进行这些测试，
尽管这些测试的变种
存在于书店和
环球网上。像沃斯•萨文特得到这样的超高分数也再不可能，因为现在的分数依据的是相同年
龄者的统计学群体分布状况，而不是简单地通过实足年龄乘以
100
来划分智能年龄。其他标准测试，比如
学术能力检测以及研究生入学考试，包含
了智商测试的主要方面。
statistica
adj.
统计的
,
< br>统计学的
n.
统计量
peer
n.
同等的人
2
、
Superhigh
scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible,
because scoring is now based on a statistical
population
distribution among age
peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age
by the chronological age and multiplying by
100.
【译文】
再也不可能出现
vos Savant
测得的智力高分了，因为评分标准是根据同年龄中人口分布统计数据
而制定，而不是简单
根据时间年龄除以智力年龄，再乘以
100
。
< br>
【讲词】
这句话中包含一些术语，如：
scoring
（得分，
即智力测验的得分）
，
statistical
population distribution
（人口分布统计）
< br>，
age
peers
（同龄人）
，
mental
age
（智力年龄）
，
chronol
ogical
age
（时间年龄或日历年龄）
。
Such
standardized
tests
may
not
assess
all
the
important
elements
necessary
to
succeed
in
school
and
in
life,
argues
Robert
J.
Sternberg.
In
his
article
“How
Intelligent
Is
Intelligence
Testing?”,
③
Sternberg
notes
that
traditional
test
best
assess
analytical
and
verbal
skills
but
fail
to
measure
creativity
and
practical
knowledge,
components also critical to problem
solving and life success.
Moreover, IQ
test do not necessarily predict so well once
populations
or
situations
change.
Research
has
found
that
IQ
predicted
leadership
skills
when
the
tests
were
given
under low-stress conditions, but under
high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively
correlated with leadership
–
that is, it
predicted the opposite.
Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify
that test-
taking skill also matters,
whether it’s
knowing when to guess or
what questions to skip.
编辑版
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