【英语】高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析
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【英语】高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1
．
阅读理解
When
you
go
to
the
doctor,
you
like
to
come
away
with
a
prescription
．
It
makes
you
feel
better to know you will get some
medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is
not always
needed. Sometimes all a sick
person needs is some reassurance that all will be
well. In such cases
the doctor may
prescribe a placebo.
A
placebo
is
a
sugar
pill,
a
harmless
shot,
or
ail
empty
capsule.
Even
though
they
have
no
medicine in them, these
things seem to make people well. The patient
thinks it is medicine and
begins to get
better. How does this happen?
The study of the placebo opens up
new knowledge about the way the human body can
heal
itself. It is as if there was a
doctor in each of us. The doctor will heal the
body for us if we let it.
But it is not
yet known just how the placebo works to heal the
body. Some people say it works
because
the human mind fools itself. These people say that
if the mind is fooled into thinking it
got medicine, then it will act as if it
did, and the body will feel better.
Placebos
do
not
always
work.
The
success
of
this
treatment
seems
to
rest
a
lot
with
the
relationship between the
patient and the doctor. If the patient has a lot
of trust in the doctor and
if the
doctor really wants to help the patient, then the
placebo is more likely to work. So in a way,
the doctor is the most powerful placebo
of all.
A placebo can
also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad
reaction to medicine, then they
will
also show a bad reaction to the placebo. This
would seem to show that a lot of how you react
to medicine is in your mind rather than
in your body. Some doctors still think that if the
placebo
can have bad effects it should
never be used. They think there is still not
enough known about it.
The strange power of the placebo does seem to
suggest that the human mind is stronger than
we think it is. There are people who
say you can heal your body by using your mind. And
the
interesting
thing
is
that
even
people
who
swear
this
is
not
possible
have
been
healed
by
a
placebo
．
< br>（
1
）
What do we
know about placebo according to the passage?
A. It
contains
some
sort
of
medicine. B. It
won't
function
if
you
are
negative
about
medicine.
C. People
who
don't
believe
placebo
can't
be
healed
by
it.
D. Patients
and
doctors
know
clearly how it helps to heal the
body.
（
2
）
Why
is the doctor sometimes the most powerful placebo?
A. The patient needs help
badly
．
B. The patient believes in the
doctor
．
C. The
doctor
knows
better
about
your
body
．
D. The
doctor
has
carefully
studied
medicine
．
（
3
）
What does
the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A. The placebo.
B. The bad effect.
C. The body.
D. The medicine.
（
4
）
What is the
passage mainly about?
A. Placebo
：
Work
on Your Mind B.
Placebo
：
The Most Powerful
Medicine
C.
Placebo
：
The Best Doctor
D. Placebo
：
Heal Your
Body
【答案】
（
1
）
A
（
2
）
B
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而
是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，安慰
病人的心理使病人的情绪得到舒缓，从而有利于病情
的痊愈。
(1)
考查细节理解。纵观全文可知，一些医生仍然认为，如果
安慰剂有坏的影响，它应该永
远不会被使用，他们认为对安慰剂仍然没有足够的了解。所
以此处的
it
是指的安慰剂。故
选
A
。
(2)
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“A
placebo
is
a
sugar
pill
，
a
harmless
shot
，
or
ail
empty
capsule
．
”
可知安慰剂不会起到医学上的作用
。故选
B
。
(3)
考查细节理解。根据文章的描述有时候病人是不需要使用药物的，医生给病人开出
安慰
剂，病人觉得安慰剂有很大的作用是因为他们很相信医生。故选
B
。
(4)
考查主旨大意。本文讲述的是有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要
医生开一些安慰的药剂，这时候就会安慰病人的心理，病人的情绪得到舒缓从而有利于病
情的痊愈。这被叫做安慰剂。通常是空的甜胶囊，作用于病人的心理，帮助他们调节心
情，从而有利于病情痊愈。故选
A
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推<
/p>
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2
．
阅读理解
It is bad to have food
stuck between your teeth for long periods of time.
This is because food
attracts
germs;
germs
produce
acid,
and
acid
hurts
your
teeth
and
gums.
Flossing
(
使用牙线
)
helps to remove the food that gets
stuck between your teeth. This explains why
flossing helps to
keep your mouth
healthy, but some doctors say that flossing can
also be good for your heart.
It may seem strange that something
you do for your teeth can have any effect on your
heart.
Doctors have come up with a few
ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart
healthy. One
idea is that the germs
that hurt your teeth can leave the mouth and
travel into your
that get into the
blood can then attack your heart. Another idea is
based on the fact that when
there are
too many germs in your mouth, the body tries to
fight against there germs. For some
reason, the way the body fights these
mouth germs may end up weakening the heart
overtime.
Not
every
doctor
agrees about
these
ideas.
Some
doctors
think
that
the
link
between
good
flossing
habits
and
good
heart
health
is
only
a
coincidence.
The
incidence
(
发生率
)
of
two
or
more
events
is
completely
random,
as
they
do
not
admit
of
any
reliable
cause
and
effect
relationship between them. For example,
every time I wash my car, it rains. This does not
mean
that when I wash my car, I somehow
change the weather. This is only a coincidence.
Similarly,
some
doctors
think
that
people
who
have
bad
flossing
habits
just
happen
to
also
have
heart
problems, and people who have good
flossing habits just happen to have healthy
hearts.
The theory that
flossing your teeth helps to keep your heart
healthy might not be true. But
every
doctor agrees that flossing is a
great
way to keep your teeth healthy. So even if
flossing
does not help your heart, it
is true to help your teeth. This is enough of a
reason for everyone to
floss their
teeth every day.
（
1
）
From the passage, we know
that ________.
A. food stuck between your teeth may
hurt your teeth
B. all of
the doctors agree that flossing is good for your
heart
C. doctors' judgment
about flossing is based on medical
research
D. not every doctor
thinks flossing helps to keep your teeth
healthy
（
2
）
The
underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 is to
________.
A.
provide an example
B. make a comparison
C. introduce a new topic
D. develop the previous statement
（
3
）
Which of
the following best states the main idea of the
last paragraph?
A. It is a fact that flossing can help
your heart as well as your teeth.
B. There is no good reason to believe
that flossing will help your heart.
C. Because doctors find flossing won't
help your heart, it is useless to
floss.
D. Even if flossing
is only good for your teeth, you should still do
it every day.
（
4<
/p>
）
Which is the best title for
the passage?
A.
Flossing by Coincidence
B. How to Keep Your Teeth
Healthy
C. Flossing Habits
and Healthy Hearts D. Why Doctors
Disagree About Flossing
【答案】
（
1
）
A
（<
/p>
2
）
D
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文提到经过研究
，剔牙与保持心脏之间没有必然的联系，但剔牙能保
护牙齿的健康是可以肯定的。
(
1
)
推理判断题。根据第一段提到
It
is
bad
to
have
food
stuck
between
your
teeth
for
long
periods of time. This is because food
attracts germs(
细菌
), germs
produce acid, and acid hurts
your
teeth
and
gums.(<
/p>
长时间让食物停留在牙齿是有害处的，这是因为食物能吸引细菌，细
菌会产生酸，腐蚀你的牙齿
)
，故选
A
项。
( 2
)
句意猜测题。
Not every doctor
agrees about these ideas
不是每个医生都对这些问题持相<
/p>
同的态度，
Some doctors think that
the link between good flossing habits and good
heart health
is
only
a
coincidence.
一些医
生认为用牙线剔牙与心脏健康之间的关系只是偶然
Similarly,
some
doctors
think
that
people
who
have
bad
flossing
habits
just
happen
to
also
have
heart <
/p>
problems
一些医生认为有剔牙习惯的碰巧有心脏问题，故
是发展以前的观点，因此选
D
项。
(
3
)
段落大意题。根据最后一段提到剔牙能保持你的心脏健康这一理论可能并不正确的，
但医
生同意剔牙能保证牙齿的健康，因此即使剔牙不能有助于你的心脏，肯定能保护你牙
齿，
这就是每天剔牙的重要原因，故选
D
项。
(
4
)
主旨标题题。本文提到经过研究，剔牙与保持心脏之间没有必然的联系，但剔牙能保
护
牙齿的健康是可以肯定的，故选
C
项。
3
．
阅读理解
Resorts of every kind have sprung
up to cater to the Englishman need to spend a part
of the
year, however briefly, by the
seaside. No town in Britain is more than eighty
miles from the sea
and there are
seaside resorts all around the coast. On a summer
Sunday most of the roads that
lead
to
the
sea
axe
congested
with
cars
full
of
people
eager
to
get
a
breath
of
sea
air.
In
the
evening when everyone is full of food,
ice-cream and lollypops, there is the long slow
drive home
on roads crowded with
returning cars.
Brighton
Brighton
is
one
of
the
best-known
south
coast
resorts
and
is
very
popular
for
day
trip
excursions. It is only fifty miles from
London and can be reached by fast train in an
hour. At the
weekend the pebbled
beaches are thronged with people sunbathing or
picking their way to the
water's edge
for a dip.
Bournemouth
Located a
hundred miles from London, the beaches are wide
and sandy. White Houses line the
cliff
tops and narrow valleys, densely wooded with pine
trees, reach down to the shore. The area
near
to
the
town
of
Torquay
on
the
Devon
coast
is
sometimes
called
Britains
Riviera
and
the
climate
is so mild that palm trees grow along the sea
front.
Blackpool
On the north-
west coast, a popular resort for the people in the
industrial north, Blackpool is a
gay,
noisy town, famous for its amusement facilities
and the magical lights. At night people travel
from miles around to see the
extravaganza of lights decorating the sea
front.
Southend
On the east
coast at the mouth of the Thames, Southend is,
like Brighton, one of the favorite
resorts of Londoners. The pier here is
the longest in Britain and offers a great variety
of differing
entertainments.
（
1
）
Why
do people often have a long slow drive home on
roads in summer?
A. Because it is extremely far from the
sea.
B. Because people are
full of food, ice-cream and lollypops.
C. Because too many returning cars
often make a traffic jam.
D.
Because people are attracted in the resorts so
they leave slowly.
（
< br>2
）
Which resort is famous
for its entertainments and grand lights?
A. Blackpool.
B. Bournemouth. C. Briton.
D. Southend.
（
3
）
Which of the following
statements is NOT true?
A. There are palm trees growing near
Bournemouth.
B. Southend has
the longest pier in Britain.
C. People crowded into the water's edge
at Briton for a quick swim.
D. Southend is a better preferred
resort than Briton by London locals.
【答案】
（
1
）<
/p>
C
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文
，介绍了不列颠海岸线上
4
个供英国人在海滩度过每
年的大量时间的度假胜地。
（
< br>1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“In the
evening when everyone is full of food,
ice
-cream
and lollypops,
there is the long slow drive home on roads crowded
with returning cars.”
可知因为
返程车
辆致使路上拥堵，人们装满食物慢慢开车回家。故选
C
。
（
2
）考查细节理
解。根据
Blackpool
部分中的
“On the
north
-west
coast,
a
popular
resort
for
the
people
in
the
industrial
north,
Blackpool
is
a
gay,
noisy
town,
famous
for
its
amusement
facilities
and
the
magical
lights.
”
可知
Blackpool
以其娱乐设施和奇妙壮丽的灯光而著名。故
选
A
。
< br>（
3
）考查细节理解。根据
So
uthend
部分中的
“On the east
coast at the mouth of the Thames,
Southend is,
like Brighton,
one of the favorite resorts of Londoners.”
< br>可知
Southend
和
Bri
ghton
同样都是伦敦人最爱去的地方。故选
D
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个
题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推
理，从而选出正确答案。
4
．
阅读理解
About aspirin:
Aspirin is a commonly used drug
which can be taken to relieve discomfort caused by
numerous
medical problems including
headaches, toothache, inflammation and infections.
It is also suitable
to treat colds and
flu-like symptoms, and to reduce a high
temperature.
Who can
take aspirin?
Adults and
children over 16 years of age.
Who should not take
aspirin?
Women who are
pregnant, or plan to become pregnant. Aspirin may
harm your unborn baby.
Women who are breast-feeding. Aspirin can pass
into your breast milk and may harm your
baby.
People who have
any problems with the way the liver works or with
the way the kidneys work.
How to take aspirin:
Take aspirin after meals, with a
full glass of water or milk.
The recommended dose
(
剂量
) ranges from two to
three tablets at a time. Never take more
than 4g 12 tablets) in any 24 -hour
period.
You
must
not
take
these
tablets
with
any
other
medicine
which
contains
any
aspirin
or
painkiller.
How to store aspirin:
Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of
children.
Store aspirin
in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and
light.
Do
not
put
aspirin
in
the
bathroom
because
the
dampness
there
can
cause
it
to
lose
its
effectiveness.
Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of
vinegar.
Possible side
effects:
Feeling sick,
increased risk of bleeding, stomach pain,
indigestion and heartburn are common.
If these effects continue, contact your
doctor.
Ringing in the
ears, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and mental
confusion are rare. If these occur,
stop taking the drug and contact your
doctor for further advice.
（
1
）
In
which case will you take aspirin according to the
text?
A.
Stomachache. B. Fever.
C. Breathlessness. D.
Nosebleed.
（
2
）
How
many times can you take aspirin at most in a day?
A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 3.
（
3
）
What type of writing is
this text?
A. A
hospital announcement.
B. A medical report.
C. A
doctor's suggestions list.
D. Medical instructions.
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍阿司匹林的作用和注意事项。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“It is also
suitab
le to treat colds and flu-like
symptoms,
and to reduce a high temperat
ure.”
可知，阿司匹林可以退烧，故选
B
< br>。
（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的
“The
recommended
dose
(
剂量
)
ranges
from
two
to
three tablets at a time.
Never take more than 4g 12 tablets in any 24
-
hour period.”
可知，每次
2-3
片，一天不能超过
12
片，
最多六次，故选
A
。
（
3
）考查主旨大意。本文属于说明文，介绍阿司匹林
的作用和注意事项，因而是一篇药物
使用说明书，故选
D
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大
意两个题型的考查，是一篇药物使用说明书，要
求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文
进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5
．
阅读理解
Imagine
yourself
on
the
other
side
of
the
college
admissions
desk.
It's
not
so
glorious,
apparently.
At
the
very
least,
you
need
to
be
good-
natured.
Joseph
Connolly,
a
guidance
counselor at New Oxford High School in
the United States, wanted to know the things that
annoy
admissions officers the most. He
sent out a request to members of the National
Association for
College
Admissions
Counselors
and
received
hundreds
of
responses.
Apparently,
college
admissions officers
were waiting for an opportunity to unload their
frustrations. The responses
fall into
several areas:
Communication
Silly or
stupid email addresses; sending emails that use
texting shorthand, such as
some1 2 call
me.
Leaving a message
with just a first name and no telephone number.
For example,
Suzie. Please call me
back.
Acting
distracted
during
a
one-on-one
interview;
nervous
habits
like
foot-
tapping
or
Not responding to emails from the admissions
office.
Over-involved
parents
The very common
comment from parents,
Parents attending interviews, and worse yet,
speaking for their children.
Essays
Not identifying which question they are responding
to.
Writing about
something they were great at in the seventh grade
but haven't pursued since
then.
（
1
）
What is the purpose of
the text?
A. To
complain
about
the
process
of
college
application.
B. To
provide
tips
for
college
students in achieving high
grades.
C. To list unwelcome
behaviors in college application. D. To
prove that admission officers are
under
great pressure.
（
2
）
Which behavior may leave
admission consolers a bad impression?
A. To use inappropriate and
incomplete language. B. To leave a
complete telephone number.
C. To focus on the interview and stay
calm. D. To reply to e-mails
quickly.
（
3
）
What should parents avoid doing
in an interview?
A. Letting kids to fill in the
application form. B. Attending the
interview on time.
C.
Getting dressed neatly for the interview.
D. Answering questions for their kids.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2<
/p>
）
A
（
3
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了学生申请大学时出现的一些令招生人员烦恼
的不好的行为。
（
1
）考查写作目的。根据第一
段中的
“Joseph
Connolly,
a
guidance
counselor
at
New
Oxford
High School in the
United States, wanted to know the things that
annoy admissions officers the
most.”
和
“The
responses fall into several areas:”
可推断，
文章的写作目的是为读者列出在申请
大学时不受欢迎的行为。故选
C
。
（
2
）考查细节理解。根据
●
Communication
部分中的
“Silly or
stupid email addresses; sending
emails
that use texting shorthand, such as “im w8ing 4
somel 2 call me.”
可知，使用不合适的和
不
完整的语言会给招生人员留下不好的印象。故选
A
。
（
3
）考查细节理解。
根据
● Over
-involved
parents
部分中的
“Parents
attending interviews, and
worse
yet,
speaking
for
their
children.”
可
知，父母不应该在面试中为代替孩子回答问题。故
选
D
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和写作目的
两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考
生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推
理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
6
．
阅读理解
The Mokoko
tribe
(
部落
)
lived
on
the
wrong
side
of
the
island
of
two
faces.
The
two
sides,
separated by a great cliff
(
悬崖
), were like night and
day. The good side was watered by rivers and
was filled with trees and abundant
food, while on the wrong side there was hardly any
water or
plants, and wild beasts
crowded together. The Mokoko had the misfortune of
having always lived
there, with no way
to cross to the other side. Their life was hard
and they lived in permanent
terror of
the beasts.
Along the
edge of the cliff separating the two sides, a
skinny but strong tree grew, with which
they could build two poles. There was
no doubt that the tribe would choose the great
chief and
doctor to use the poles. But
when the two of them were given their chance to
make the jump,
they didn't dare to.
They thought that the pole could break or it would
not be long enough. They
put so much
energy into these thoughts that they gave
in.
But into that tribe
were born Nam and Ariki, a pair of young hearts.
One day, they decided to
take
up
the
poles.
Nobody
stopped
them,
but
everyone
did
try
to
discourage
them,
trying
to
present how dangerous the jumping was,
using a thousand explanations.
worry.
I
am
a
bit
scared
too,
but
it
doesn't
look
so
difficult,
replied
Ariki,
ever
determined.
out well
either.
And on the next day, Naru and Ariki
jumped to the good side of the island. When taking
up the
poles,
while
feeling
their
desire,
the
fear
hardly
allowed
them
to
breathe.
And
while
flying
through the air, helpless and without
support, they felt that something must have gone
wrong
and death awaited them. But when
they landed on the other side, they thought the
jump really
hadn't been so bad after
all.
（
1
）
What situation were the Mokoko faced
with?
A. They
lived
a
difficult
life
without
fearing
the
beasts. B. They
suffered
a
lot
due
to
the
terrible environment.
C. They had easy access to the good
side. D. They were surrounded by trees
and rivers.
（
2
）
How
did the chief and doctor feel when they were
chosen?
A.
Frightened.
B.
Energetic.
C.
Desperate.
D.
Satisfied.
（
3
）
What's the tribe members'
reaction when Nam and Ariki decided to take up the
poles?
A. The
members
desired
to
follow
their
steps.
B. The
members
tried
to
prevent
the
behaviour.
C. The
members convinced them of the danger. D.
The members encouraged them to have a
try.
（
4
）
What can we infer about
Naru and Ariki?
A. They
overcame
difficulty
with
courage
and
determination. B. They
felt
relaxed
in
the
whole process of making
the jump.
C. They
never
doubted
the
difficulty
in
making
the
jump.
D. They
hesitated
to
make
the
jump
over and over again.
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
C
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文
，一个岛被大的悬崖分成完全不同的两部分，好的一
面有水有树食物充足而另一面几乎没
水没植物，野兽聚集。这个部落正好位于条件很恶劣
的一面。讲述了
Nam
和
Ariki
不畏艰险用
勇气和决心克服了困难来到了岛的好的一面。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“The
Mokoko tribe (
部落
) lived on
the wrong side of the
island of two
faces. The two sides, separated by a great cliff
(
悬崖
), were like night and
day. ---The
Mokoko had the misfortune
of having always lived there, with no way to cross
to the other side.
Their life was hard
and they lived i
n permanent terror of
the beasts.”
可知，由于可怕的环境他
们遭受了很
多。故选
B
。
（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“There
was
no
doubt
that
the
tribe
would
choose
the
great
chief and doctor to use the poles. But when the
two of them were given their chance to
make the jump, they didn't dare to”
可知，首领和医生被选上时他们感到害怕。故选
A
。
（
3
）
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“They thought that the
pole could break or it would not
be
long enough. They put so much energy into these
thoughts that they gave in.”
可知，成员确
信他们是危险的。故选
C
。
（
4
）考查推理判断。根据两个人
的的对话
“ And what if what they say is
true?
ed the
young Naru.
Don't worry I am a bit scared too, but it doesn't
look so difficult, replied ariki, ever
determined.
won't work out
well either.
和文章最后一句
But
when they
landed on the other side,
they thought the jump really hadn't been so bad
after all”
可知
,
他们用<
/p>
勇气和决心克服了困难。故选
A
。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要
求考生准确捕捉细节
信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
7
．
阅读理解
Every day I see advertisements in
the newspapers and on the buses claiming that it
is easy and
quick to learn English.
There is even a reference to William Shakespeare
or Charles Dickens to
encourage
learners
even
more.
When
I
see
advertisements
like
this,
I
don't
know
whether
to
laugh
or cry. But many people must believe these
ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements
would not appear.
Of course it is clear that students
who go to England to learn English have a great
advantage
over others, but too many
cannot afford to do so. Some go to the opposite
extreme and think
they can teach
themselves at home with dictionaries. But it is
wrong to assume that each word in
English has a precise equivalent in
another language, let alone produces good
pronunciation and
intonation.
Most teaching is still based on behaviorist
psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making
students
repeat phrases and making
sentences. If we were parrots or chimpanzees,
these methods might
be successful. A
large number of theorists seem to think it is a
pity we aren't, because it would
make
it easier to use their methods.
In my personal opinion, no one can
ever learn to speak English or any other language
unless he
is
interested
in
it.
Human
beings,
unlike
parrots
and
chimpanzees,
do
not
like
making
noises
unless they
understand what the noises mean and can relate
them to their own lives. It is worth
remembering that language is a means of
communication. What they listen to and read cannot
be a formula. It must be
real.
There is another
relevant point worth mentioning here. We need
other people to talk to and
listen to
when we communicate. They can work with us and
practice the unfamiliar forms with us
in real situations, talking to each
other about real life language.
（
1
）
Many
people
believe
advertisements
in
the
newspapers
and
on
the
buses
probably
because .
A. they are encouraged by William
Shakespeare or Charles Dickens
B. they are eager to learn
and then believe them
C. the ways advertised can help them to
save time and efforts
D. the
ways advertised prove
effective and
helpful
（
2
）
What may behaviorists argue
towards English learning?
A. Human
beings
make
more
interesting
noises
than
parrots
and
chimpanzees.
B.
Human
beings should relate their speech
to their own lives.
C.
Language
is
a
formula
with
lots
of
repetitions
and
practices.
D. Language
is
a
means
of
communication.
（<
/p>
3
）
What opinion
does the author hold?
A. A quick method that suits all the
students does exist.
B. English
can be mastered within a
very short
period of time.
C. Each
word
in
English
has
a
precise
equivalent
in
another
language.
D. No
one
can
learn
English well without
being interested in it.
（
4
）
What ways of
learning is suggested by the author?
A. Study abroad.
B. Learn communicatively and
situationally.
C. Follow the
behaviorists' approach.
D. Teach oneself at home with
dictionaries.
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（
2
）
C
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文
，讲述了一名语言教师对语言学习的个人看法。他认
为学生们喜欢实惠的速成学习方法在
情理之中，但是学英语不像广告中所说的那么轻松，
假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好
英语或其他任何语言。在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾
听的对象。用真实的语言去谈论真实
的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。
（
1<
/p>
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“No
doubt
this
is
true
to
a
certain
extent, but
it
is
not
very helpful to students. ”
可
知许多人渴望学好这门语言，相信这些广告中宣传的学习语言能
速成，故选
B
。
（
< br>2
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“Most
teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology.
Behaviorists are fond of making
students repeat phrases and making sentences.”
可知现在大量的
教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。行为主
义者热衷于让学生复述短语，不
断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。故选
C
。
（
< br>3
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“In
m
y personal opinion, no one can ever
learn to speak
English or any other
language unless he is interested in it.”
可知作者认为，假如没有兴趣，任何
人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。故选
D
。
（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“Ther
e
is
another
relevant
point
worth
mentioning
here. We need other people to talk to
and listen to when we communicate. They can work
with
us and practice the unfamiliar
forms with us in real situations, talking to each
other about real life
language.”
可知还有一个相关的问题值得一提：在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。在
学习较生疏的内容时，如果有其他学生和我们在实战中一起学习和练习那些陌生的语言形
式，用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇教育
类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的
逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
8
．
阅读理解
Years
ago,
students
applying
to
colleges
and
universities
had
to
have
their
applications
and
personal essays printed out and then
“snail
-
mailed”. Flash
forward to tod
ay's world of Facebook,
Instagram and WeChat, where photos,
videos and mobile phones rule. Fortunately,
several new
tools are making it easier
for college applicants to use technology to show
off their personalities,
skills and
creativity.
ZEEMEE
One of the more
popular innovations in college applications is
ZeeMee, a free mobile app that
allows
students to upload personal profiles and videos to
create visual resumes. More than 220
colleges and universities offer a
ZeeMee option as part of the application process.
The video can
show the unique creative
aspects of the applicants.
THE COALITION LOCKER
Another relatively new tool comes
from the Coalition for Access, Affordability and
Success, now
used by
more
than 110
member
colleges
and
universities.
Among
the
group's
stated
goals
are
getting
students
engaged
in
college
prep
early
and
using
technology
to
create
a
supportive
application
process that encourages reflection and self-
discovery.
Students who
sign up for the free platform get access to
a digital “locker”, which they can use
all through high school to save class
papers, artwork, newspaper stories, videos and
photos to
share with colleges when they
eventually apply.
VIDEO
—
CHAT INTERVIEWS
At some schools, an interview with
an admission officer is an important part of the
application
process.
To
make
it
easier,
several
virtual
interviewing
tools
have
popped
up,
such
as
a
video-
based platform from
Kira. More than 140 universities worldwide use
Kira's video assessment tool
to conduct
real-time interviews with prospective students.
During the interview, candidates are
shown
the
questions
prerecorded
by
the
particular
school
and
must
respond
in
real
time
by
talking
into the camera on their laptop or phone. In
addition to showing their ability, to speak
fluently in English and think on their
feet, it
helps admission officers
determine the “motivation,
commitment
and drive” of applicants.
UNIQUE SCHOOL TOOLS
Some
universities have come up with their own ways to
allow students to show their skills and
personalities. For example, the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, encourages
applicants to
display
their
technical
abilities
and
creativity
by
submitting
a
“Maker
Portfolio”
—
a
written
or
videotaped description of
a project that shows creative and problem-solving
skills. While a new
app would fit the
bill, the project could be anything from an
origami design to a potato cannon.
（
1
）
Which
of the apps give students more guidance from their
high school?
A.
ZEEMEE.
B. THE COALITION LOCKER.
C. VIDEO
—
CHAT
INTERVIEWS.
D.
UNIQUE SCHOOL TOOLS.
（
2
）
What does the
underlined word “it” in the fourth part of the
passage refer to?
A. The video interview. B. The
description. C. The application. D. The
student's ability.
（
< br>3
）
What is the common
feature required by colleges and universities
according to the passage?
A. Creativity.
B. Braveness.
C. Willingness to share.
D. Technical ability.
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（
2
）
C
（
3
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，在今天的
Facebook
、
Ins
tagram
和微信的世界里，照
片、视频和手机盛行的同时，
一些新工具让大学申请者更容易使用技术来展示他们的个
性、技能和创造力。
(1)
考查推理判断。根据
THE
COALITION
LOCKER
部
分中的
“Students
who
sign
up
for
the
free
platform
get access to a digital ‘locker’, which they can
use all through high school to save class
papers,
artwork,
newspaper
stories,
videos
and
photos
to
share
with
colleges
when
they
eventually
apply.”
可知，
THE COALITION
LOCKER.
能让学生从高中获得更多的指导。故选
B
。
(2)
考查代词指代。根据
VIDEO
—
CHAT
INTERVIEWS
部分中的
“At
some
schools,
an
interview
with an admission
officer is an important part of the application pr
ocess.”
在一些学校，对招生
人员的面试是申请过程的重
要组成部分；以及
“In
addition
to
showing
their
ability,
to
speak
fluently in English and think on their
feet, it helps admission officers determine the
‘motivation,
commitment and drive’ of a
pplicants.“
除了展示他们的能力，为了流利地说英语和快速反应，
它
还
能
帮
助招
生
人员
决定
申
请
者
的
“
动
机
、承诺
和
动
力
”
。
由
此
可知
it
指
的
是
“the
application”
，故选
< br>C
。
(3)
< br>考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“Fortunately,
several
new
tools
are
making
it
easier
for
college applicants to use technology to
show off their personalities, skills and creativit
y.”
可知，
根据文章的内容，创造力是学院和大学的共同特征
。故选
A
。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和代词指代两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考
根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。
9
．
阅读理解
Do you have good
friends? Do you sometimes feel so close to them
that they are like family to
you?
It turns
out that this isn't just an expression. A study by
Yale University and the University of
California,
San
Diego,
has
found
that
you
and
your
friends
have
more
genes
in
common
than
strangers do, the Guardian
reported.
Researchers
looked
at
the
genes
of
1,932
people
and
compared
them
in
pairs
of
unrelated
friends and
strangers. They found that friends have 1 percent
of genes that match.
外行
), but to geneticists
(
遗传学家
) it
is a
significant number,
fact, this is the
same amount of genes you share with your fourth
cousins, those who have the
same great-
great-great grandparents as you.
So is it a coincidence that you
become friends with people who share your genes?
Not at all. In
fact, it is evolution
that brings you together.
People who share certain genes also share skills
and have similar likes and dislikes, researchers
said. In ancient times, it was critical
that people who
were alike stayed
together. For example,
people who had a
similar susceptibility (
易感性
)
to the cold were more likely to help each other
build a fire, giving them a better
chance to survive.
Researchers also found that among all the genes
studied, those affecting sense of smell were
the most similar in friends. This is
probably because people who smell things in the
same way are
more easily drawn to
similar environments. For example, people who like
the smell of coffee may
hang
out
at
cafes
more
often
and
are
therefore
more
likely
to
meet
and
become
friends
with
each
other.
Based
on
their
findings,
the
team
has
developed
an
interesting
test
called
the
score
It
calculates
how
big
the
chances
are
that
two
people will
be friends
by
studying
their
genes.
So,
here is a question for you: would you like to take
this test and know in advance who your
friends are going to be, or would you
still prefer to figure it out by yourself and let
time be the
judge?
（
1
）
What is the
author's main purpose in writing the article?
explain why friends share
skills and interests.
report on recent findings about making
friends.
analyze what
influences the way people make friends.
explain an interesting test called the
（
2
）
According to the researchers of the
study, people _______.
friendships by complete
coincidence
genetically
similar to their friends, compared to
strangers
friends with
those who share nearly 10 percent of their
genes
share more similar
genes with their friends than with their fourth
cousins
（
3
）
With
the
examples
of
ancient
people
developing
the
ability
to
speak
and
helping
each
other build a fire, the author intends
to _______.
how
ancient people helped each other
survive
n that similar
interests are what lead to friendship
that it is evolution that brings
friends together
us why it
was easier for ancient people to find
friends
（
4
）
According to the article, people
with similar genes that affect their sense of
smell ______.
to hang out at cafes more often
easily attracted to the smell of their
friends
more likely to be
attracted to a similar environment
identify people in a crowd who can
become friends
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（<
/p>
2
）
B
（
3
）
C
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报
道，来自耶鲁大学和加利福尼亚大学的研究发现：与
陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似
性，所以朋友有时更像是家人。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“
A
study
by
Yale
University
and
the
University
of
California,
San
Diego,
has
found
that
you
and
your
friends
have
more
genes
in
common
than
strangers
do,
the
Guardian
reported.”
耶鲁大学和加利福尼亚大学的研究发现：与陌生人相
比，朋友之间的基因有相似性。
可知，这篇文章主要讲述关于交朋友的这项新发现。并且
由
“t
he Guardian reported”
可知，这是一篇新闻报道，故选
B
。
（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“A
study
by
Yale
University
and
the
University
of
California,
San
Diego,
has
found
that
you
and
your
friends
have
more
genes
in
common
than
strangers
do,
the
Guardian
reported.”
耶鲁大学和加利福尼亚大学的研究发现：与陌生人相
比，朋友之间的基因有相似性。
可知，与陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似性。故选
B
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。这个举例出现在倒数第四段，根据倒数第五段中的
“S
o
is
it
a
coincidence that you become friends
with people who share your genes? Not at all. In
fact, it is
evolution
that
brings
you
together.
”
你与你基因相
似的人变成朋友是偶然吗？并不是这样
的。实际上，是进化将你们带到一起。可知，倒数
第四段应该是对进化如何将你们带到一
起成为朋友的解释。本段谈到了有相似基因的人也
有相似的技能和喜好，然后以古代人为
例，说明只有遇到拥有相似技能基因的人他们才能
发展语言技能，同时，同样对冷感受比
较强烈的人更可能会互相帮助生火，作者举这些例
子都是为了说明人们选择了拥有相似基
因的人为友，是因为进化的需要，故选
C
。
（
4
）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段的中的
“This
is
probably
because
people
who
smell
things
in the same way are more easily drawn to similar e
nvironments.”
可能是因为嗅觉相同的
人更容易去
相似的环境，可知，有相同嗅觉基因的人更容易被吸引去相似的环境中。故选
C
。
【点评】本题考
点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要
准确掌握细节信
息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
10
．
阅读
理解
A bite
from a tsetse fly
(
采采蝇
)
is an extremely unpleasant experience. It is not
like a mosquito,
which can put its thin
mouthpart directly into your blood, often without
you noticing. In contrast,
the tsetse
fly's mouth has tiny saws on it that saw into your
skin on its way to suck out your blood.
To make matters worse, several
species of tsetse fly can transmit diseases. One
of the most
dangerous is a parasite
that causes
＂
sleeping
sickness
＂
, or
＂
human African
trypanosomiasis
＂
to give it
its official name. Without treatment, an infection
is usually fatal.
Like
so
many
tropical
diseases,
sleeping
sickness
has
often
been
neglected
by
medical
researchers.
However, researchers have long endeavored to
understand how it avoids our bodies'
defence
mechanisms.
Some
of
their
insights
could
now
help
us
eliminate
sleeping
sickness
altogether.
There are two closely-related single-celled
parasites that cause this deathly sleep:
Trypanosoma
brucei rhodesiense and T.
b. gambiense. The latter is far more common: it is
responsible for up to
95%
of
cases,
mostly
in
western
Africa.
It
takes
several
years
to
kill
a
person,
while
T.
brucei
rhodesiense can cause death within
months. There are still other forms that infect
livestock.
After the
initial bite, sleeping sickness symptoms often
start with a fever, headaches and aching
muscles. As the illness goes on, those
infected become increasingly tired, which is where
it gets
its name. Personality changes,
severe confusion and poor coordination can also
happen.
While
medication
does
help,
some
treatments
are
toxic
and
can
themselves
be
deadly,
especially if they
are given after the disease has reached the
brain.
It is worth
noting that sleeping sickness is no longer as
deadly as it once was. In the early 20th
Century several hundred thousand people
were infected each year. By the 1960s the disease
was
considered
＂
under
control
＂
and
had
reached
very
low
numbers,
making
its
spread
more
difficult. But in the
1970s there was another major epidemic, which took
20 years to control.
Since then, better screening programmes and
earlier interventions have reduced the number
of cases dramatically. In 2009 there
were fewer than 10,000 cases for the first time
since records
began, and in 2015 this
figure dropped to fewer than 3,000, according to
the latest figures from
the
World
Health
Organisation.
The
WHO
hopes
the
disease
will
be
completely
eliminated
by
2020.
While this decline looks positive,
there may be many more cases that go unreported in
rural
Africa. To eliminate the disease
completely, infections have to be closely
monitored.
More
problematically,
a
series
of
new
studies
have
shown
that
the
parasite
is
more
complicated than previously
believed.
Sleeping
sickness
has
always
been
considered
——
and
diagnosed
——
as
a
blood
disease,
because T. brucei parasites can readily
be detected in the blood of its
victims.
（
1
）
A
tsetse fly is different from a mosquito in
that________.
A.
it
can
put
its
thin
mouthpart
directly
into
your
blood
B. all
species
of
tsetse
fly
can
transmit diseases
C. it
can
spread
a
parasite
that
causes
＂
sleeping
sickness
＂
D. its
mouth
has
larger
saws
than
those on a mosquito
（
2
）
What can be learned
about
＂
sleeping
sickness
＂
according to the
text ?
A. It
is
formally
called
＂
human
American
trypanosomiasis
＂
.
B. If
left
untreated,
it
can
possibly be deadly.
C. It
remains
as
deadly
as
it
used
to
be.
D. It
usually
draws
attention
from
medical
researchers.
（
3
）
What is implied in
the last three paragraphs ?
A.
＂
Sleeping
sickness
＂
will be completely
eliminated by 2020.
B. The
parasite causing
＂
sleeping
sickness
＂
is easy to detect
now.
C. T.
brucei
parasites
can
only
be
detected
in
the
blood
of
its
victims.
D. Data
about
＂
sleeping
sickness
＂
cases may not be so
accurate.
（
4
）
What would be the best title of
this passage ?
A. A mosquito that can carry deadly
diseases.
B. A bite from this
fly puts you into a deadly
sleep.
C.
Symptoms
that
are
characteristic
of
＂
sleeping
sickness
＂
.
D. How
to
control
deadly
＂
sleeping
sickness
＂
from a tsetse
fly.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
B
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，作者介绍了
70
年代被采采蝇咬伤很容易感染疾病，
传播病菌，一定要小心。
(1)
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的＂
several species of
tsetse fly can transmit diseases. One of
the most dangerous is a parasite that
causes 'sleeping sickness',
＂可知，采采蝇可以传播一
种
寄生虫，导致
“
昏睡病
”
故选
C
。
(2)
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的＂
Without treatment, an infection is usually f atal.
＂可知，
如果不加以治疗，它可能是致命的，因此选
B
。
(3)
考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的＂
While this
decline looks positive, there may be many
more cases that go unreported in rural
Africa.
＂可知，非洲农村可能还有更多的病例未报告，
因此关于
“
昏睡病
”
< br>病例的数据可能不那么准确，故选
D
。
< br>
(4)
考查主旨大意。整篇文章介绍了采采蝇，尤其
说明它可以传播一种＂昏睡病＂，这种病
会让患者丧命，因此选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解
，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的
基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答
案。
1
1
．
阅读理解
Sometimes we start a day with the
previous day still in mind. We think about the
mistakes we
made in the previous day,
how things went wrong, and how we felt bad about
it. No wonder it
becomes difficult to
focus on the current day.
Here are some steps on how to start your new day
fresh:
⒈
Take time to evaluate your
day
At the end of a day,
take some time to think about it. The purpose of
this thinking time is not to
regret
how
bad your
day
was,
how
things
went
wrong,
or
how
people
treated
you
badly.
This
won't
do you any good. Instead, the purpose of this
thinking time is to
extract
（吸取）
lessons
which you can bring to the following
day.
⒉
Make a commitment to apply
the lessons
After you
extract the lessons, you should make a commitment
to apply them. To do so, find
some
actionable things you can do to apply the lessons.
Next, remind yourself to do them. You
may write them down if you want
to.
⒊
“Close” your day
After you have spent the time to
think about the day and extract the lessons, make
a decision
to “close” the day. You are
done with it; don't think about it
anymore.
⒋
Bring only the lessons to
the next day and nothing else
After you “dose” a day,
you should not bring anything out of it to the
next day except for the
lessons you
extract. Focus on applying the lessons to the
present. This way you will be able to
start your day fresh without the burden
of yesterday.
（
1<
/p>
）
What will happen if we think
too much about the past?
A. There will be a disaster.
B. There will be good results.
C. We won't have a peaceful mind.
D. We surely won't finish today's task.
（
2
）
Whe
n should we draw lessons from the past mistakes?
A. At the end of a day.
B. When we make mistakes.
C.
At the beginning of a day.
D. When we regret making the mistakes.
（
3
）
Why
should we extract lessons from the past day?
A. To set them down.
B. To consider them again.
C. To make a better decision.
D. To apply them for future use.
【答案】
（
1
）
C