(英语)高一英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)
-
（英语）高一英语阅读理解试题
(
有答案和解析
)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1
．
阅读理解
Ten
minutes
of
gentle
exercise
can
immediately
change
how
certain
parts
of
the
brain
communicate and coordinate
(
协调
) with one another and
improve memory function, according
to
an encouraging new study.
The scientists invited 36 people of different ages
to the lab and had them sit quietly on a fixed
bicycle for 10 minutes or, on a
separate visit, pedal the bicycle at a pace so
gentle that it barely
raised
their
heart
rates.
It
also
was
short,
lasting
for
only
10
minutes.
Immediately
after
each
session of the sitting
or slow pedaling, the people completed a
computerized memory test during
which
they would see a brief picture of, for instance, a
tree, followed by a variety of other images
and then a new image of either the same
tree or a similar one. The people would press
buttons
to show whether they thought
each image was new or the same as an earlier shot.
The test is
difficult,
since
many
of
the
images
closely
resemble
one
another.
It
requires
rapid,
skillful
scanning recent
memories to decide whether a picture is new or
known. Next, the scientists had
each
people repeat this process--riding or sitting on
the bike for 10 minutes and then completing
memory testing--but the testing now
took place inside an M. R. I.
machine(
磁共振成像仪
)that
scanned the people's brains while they
responded to the images.
Then the researchers compared results. The effects
of the exercise were clear. The people were
better at remembering images after they
had ridden the bike, especially when the images
most
closely resembled one another. In
other words, the harder their memories had to do
their best,
the better they performed
after the exercise. The M. R. I. scans showed that
memory parts of
each
people's
brain
lit
up
at
the
same
time
with
parts
of
the
brain
associated
with
learning,
indicating that
these physically separate parts of the brain were
better connected now than when
the
people had not first exercised.
（
1
）
How
did the researchers conduct the study?
A. By filling up
questionnaires. B. By
interviewing many people.
C.
By comparing experiment data.
D. By referring to historical reports.
（
2
）
Who
might benefit most from the study result?
A. The marketers promoting
fixed bicycles.
B. The young
people crazy about body building.
C. The white collars doing long-term
mental work.
D. The blue-
collars doing heavy physical labor
work.
（
3
）
Which of the following statements
agrees with the study result?
A. The light exercise is
only good for young people.
B. The more the exercise is, the better
the brain works.
C. The
exercise can coordinate different parts of the
body.
D. The exercise has
more positive effect when the brain works
harder.
（
4
）
What can be the best title for the
text?
A. Even
ten minutes' exercise may be good for the
brain
B. There is no need
for humans doing exercise every day
C. Only ten minutes' light exercise
benefits the young most
D.
Exercise can change people's brains and minds in a
long time
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
C
（
3
< br>）
D
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。
一项新的研究表明，哪怕是仅仅十分钟的轻柔运动也
会提高人的记忆里水平。
（
1
）细节理解题。第三段第一句
“Then the researchers
compared results.”
可知研究者通过对
比实
验数据得出结论，故答案选
C
。
（
2
）推理
判断题。一项新的研究表明，哪怕是仅仅十分钟的轻柔运动也会提高人的记忆
里水平。因
此可推断这对于长期从事脑力工作的白领们是一个福音。故答案选
C
。
（
3
）细节理解题。第三段第三句
“In other
words, the harder their memories had to do their
best, the better they performed after
the exercise.”
可知大脑使用的程度越高，运动对记忆里
的影响就越大，即当大脑工作更努力时，运动有更积极的效果。故答案选
D
。
（
4
）主旨大意题。根据第一段可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究成果：短时
间的轻柔运动
就会提高记忆力水平，故答案选
A
。
【点评】本题考点涉及
细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅
读，要求考生准确捕捉
细节信息，通过题干中的关键词在文章中定位，同时根据上下文进
行分析，推理，概括和
归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2
．
阅读理解
Blue
Planet
II
's latest episode
(
情节
) focuses on how plastic
is having a destructive effect on the
ocean and slowly poisoning our sea
creatures. Researchers recently also found that
sea creatures
living in the deepest
place on Earth, the Mariana Trench, have plastic
in their stomachs. Indeed,
oceans are
drowning in plastic.
Though
it
seems
that
the
world
couldn't
possibly
function
without
plastics,
plastics
are
a
remarkably
recent
invention.
The
first
plastic
bags
were
introduced
in
the
1950s,
the
same
decade
that
plastic
packaging
began
gaining
popularity
in
the
United
States.
This
growth
has
happened so fast that science is still
catching up with the change. Plastics pollution
research, for
instance, is still a very
early science.
We
put
all
these
plastics
into
the
environment,
but
we
still
don't
really
know
what
the
outcomes are going to
be. What we do know, though, is disturbing. Ocean
plastic is estimated to
kill
millions
of
marine
animals
every
year.
Nearly
700
species,
including
endangered
ones,
are
known to have been
affected by it. One in three leatherback turtles,
which often mistake plastic
bags for
jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their
bellies. Ninety percent of seabirds are now
eating plastics on a regular basis. By
2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100
percent.
And it's not
just wildlife that is threatened by the plastics
in our seas. Humans are consuming
plastics through the seafood we eat. I
could understand why some people see ocean plastic
as a
disaster,
worth
mentioning
in
the
same
breath
as
climate
change.
But
ocean
plastic
is
not
as
complicated as climate change. There
are no ocean trash deniers
(
否认者
), at least so far. To
do
something about it, we don't have to
remake our planet energy system.
This
is
not
a
problem
where
we
don't
know
what
the
solution
is.
We
know
how
to
pick
up
garbage.
Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We
know how to recycle. We can all
start
by thinking twice before we use single-use plastic
products. Things that may seem ordinary,
like
using
a
reusable
bottle
or
a
reusable
bag-when
taken
collectively,
these
choices
really
do
make a difference.
（
1
）
Why
is plastics pollution research still a very early
science?
plastics pollution research is too
difficult.
cs have produced
less pollution than coal.
cs
have gained popularity too fast for science to
catch up.
world couldn't
possibly function without plastics.
（
2
）
How
did the author support his opinion in Paragraph 3?
citing quotes from leading
experts.
making a
comparison and contrast.
listing examples from his own
experience.
presenting
solid statistics.
（
3
）
What does the author
intend to tell us in the last paragraph?
reap what we
sow.
shortest answer is
doing.
things are difficult
before they are easy.
s
speak louder than words.
（
4
）
What is the main
idea of the passage?
oceans become choked with
plastic.
plastic is a
global issue.
C.
Blue
Planet
II
has left viewers
heartbroken.
cs gain in
popularity all over the world.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（<
/p>
2
）
D
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，研究人员最近还发现，生活在地球最深处马里亚纳
海沟的海洋生物胃里有塑料。事实上
，海洋正淹没在塑料之中。据估计，海洋塑料每年杀
死数百万海洋动物，不仅仅是野生动
物受到海洋塑料的威胁，人类也会通过食用海鲜来消
耗塑料。作者认为最好的办法就是人
类开始采取行动。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“This
growth
has
happened
so
fast
that
science
is
still
catching up with the
change. Plastics pollution research,
for instance, is still a very early sci
ence.”
这种增长速度如此之快，以至于科学仍在追赶这种变化。例如，塑料污染研
究仍然是一门
非常早期的科学，可知，塑料污染研究仍然是一门非常早期的科学是因为塑
料的普及速度
太快，以至于科学无法跟上。故选
C
。
（
< br>2
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“One in
three leatherback turtles, which often mistake
plastic bags for jellyfish, have been
found with plastic in their bellies. Ninety
percent of seabirds
are now eating
plastics on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure
is expected to rise to 100 percent.”
人们发
现，三分之一的棱皮龟的腹部都有塑料制品，而它们经常把塑料袋误认为是水母。
现在，
90%
的海鸟定期食用塑料制品。到
2
050
年，这一数字预计将升至
100%
，可知，作
者在第三段是通过提供可靠的统计数据来支持自己观点的。故选
D
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“We
can
all
start
by
thinking
twice
before
we
use
single-use
plastic
products.
Things
that
may
seem
ordinary,
like
using
a
reusable
bottle
or
a
reusable
bag-when taken collectively, these choices really
do make a diffe
rence. ”
在使用一次
性
塑料产品之前，我们都可以三思而后行。一些看起来很普通的东西，比如使用可重复使
用
的瓶子或袋子
——
如果把它们放在一
起，这些选择确实会有所不同，可知，作者在最后一
段想告诉我们对于塑料污染最简短的
回答就是采取行动。故选
B
。
（
4
）考查
主旨大意。根据第一段中的
“Researchers
recently
also
found
that
sea
creatures
living in the
deepest place on Earth, the Mariana Trench, have
plastic in their stomachs. Indeed,
oceans
are
drowning
in
plast
ic.”
研究人员最近还发现，生活在地球最深处马里亚纳海沟的海
洋生物胃里有塑料。事实上，海洋正淹没在塑料之中
)
结合
文章主要内容为说明海洋被大量
的塑料充斥着，影响了海洋生物和人类，故选
A
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
< br>理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3
．
阅读理解
The
killdeer,
a
small
bird
known
for
its
high-
pitched(
声调高的
)call,
could
lead
to
the
cancellation(
取消
)
of one of Canada' biggest music
festivals.
The first
hint of trouble for Ottawa's Bluesfest, an outdoor
festival that draws around 300,000
people each year, came last week after
workers at the site found one of the birds. It had
laid four
eggs
nearby,
effectively
claiming
the
main
stage area
as
its
nesting
ground.
is
one
of
the
most challenging problems we've been
presented with, but we feel we can work through
this,
said Mark Monahan, executive
director of the festival.
major effect,
so we're taking it very seriously.
The discovery meant that government
officials rushed to protect the nest and the eggs,
hiring a
security guard to watch over
them 24 hours a day.
Environmentalists
were
also
brought
in.
don't
know
when
the
eggs
might
hatch,
said
Monahan. What is known is that the
young killdeer will likely leave the nest soon
after they are
hatched, leading many to
hope that the eggs hatch in the next day or
so.
The
festival
is
now
seeking
permission
from
Environment
Canada
to
relocate(
搬迁
)the
nest
some 50 meters away or
take it to a wildlife center. Moving the nest
would also ensure the bird
and its
young would be protected during the festival's
11-day run, said Monahan. It's highly likely
that the festival's thousands of
attendees would cause huge problems for the bird
and its eggs.
Monahan was confident
that the festival would go on as planned, however.
we're working with are looking for a
positive solution,
that the festival
can't go on.
As news of
the dilemma spread, it left residents divided.
Some supported the bird, saying that
moving
the
nest
might
result
in
the
eggs
being
abandoned.
Others
expressed
annoyance
that
protecting the eggs of
the small bird, which is widespread across North
America, was risking an
annual festival
that contributes millions of dollars to the local
economy.
The killdeer's
tendency to build its nest in open fields or flat
areas has caused issues in other
areas
of the US: earlier this year, construction of a
health center in Wisconsin was temporarily
stopped after a killdeer and its four
eggs were discovered.
（
1
）
What can we learn
about Bluesfest?
is the first music festival in
Canada.
is an important
event for music lovers.
is
a music festival held every two years.
is a challenging outdoor activity in
Ottawa.
（
2
）
What was especially challenging
for Bluesfest this year?
re from the government.
eements with the public.
need to protect the bird's
eggs.
lack of experience in
hosting the event.
（
3
）
How
did the festival plan to deal with the problem?
the nest to another
place.
government officials
for help.
advice from
environmentalists.
security
guards to protect the eggs.
（
4
）
The
underlined word
A.a
difficult situation
extreme
situation
C.a dangerous
situation
encouraging
situation
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（
2
）
C
（
3
< br>）
A
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文
，对于音乐爱好者来说，非常重大的加拿大音乐事件
Bluesfest,
在上周工作人员在现场发现了一只小水鸟，它在附近下了四个蛋，把主要舞台区
域作为它的筑巢地，以及就主办方准备将鸟巢搬离此处引发了人们讨论。
（
1
）考查
推理判断。根据第二段中的
“The
first
hint
of
trouble
for
Ottawa's
Bluesfest,
an
outdoor festival that
draws around 300,000 people each year, came last
week after workers at
the site found
one of the birds.”
可知渥太华的
Blue
sfest,
是一个每年吸引约
30
万
人参加的户外
节日。因此
Bluesfest,
对音乐爱好者来说是一个重要的事件。故选
B
。
（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“It
had
laid
four
eggs
nearby,
effectively
claiming
the
main
stage area as its nesting ground. ”
小水鸟在
舞台附近下了
4
个蛋；和第四段中的
“
‘This is
one
of
the
most
challenging
problems
we've
been
presented
with,
but
we
feel
we
can
work
through this,’ said Mark Monahan,
executive director of the festival.”
音乐节
执行总监说：
“
这是
我们面临的最具挑
战性的问题之一，我觉得我们可以解决这个问题
”
。得知
保护鸟蛋是今
年
B
luesfest
面临挑战的事情。故选
C
。
（
3
）
考
查
细<
/p>
节
理解
。根
据<
/p>
第
五
段
中
的
“The
festival
is
now
seeking
permission
from
Environment
Canada
to
relocate(
搬迁
)the
nest
some
50
meters
away
or
take
it
to
a
wildlife
center
.”
可知现在该节日正在寻求加拿大环境部的许可，将鸟巢迁移到
50
米外，或带到野
生动物中心，可以得知为了解决这个问题
，节日筹备方打算把鸟巢搬到另一个地方。故选
A
。
（
4
）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的
“Moving
the
nest
would
also
ensure
the
bird
and
its
young would be protected during the
festival's 11-day run, said Monahan. It's highly
likely that
the festival's thousands of
attendees would cause huge problems for the bird
and its eggs.”
可知
Monahan
说，为期
11
天的节日活动中，移动鸟巢能确保鸟
儿和其幼鸟得到保护。但是极
有可能，成千上万的参与者会给这只鸟和它的蛋带来巨大的
问题。可以推断出当时的处境
困难，故选
A
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节
理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节
信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出
正确答案。
4
．
阅读理解
Several
years
ago,
I
began
asking
my
friends
and
family
to
tell
me
something
about
their
passwords. Yes, I understand why
passwords are universally hated: the pressure they
put on our
memory
and
the
endless
demand
to
update
them.
I
hate
them
too.
But
there
is
more
to
passwords than their
annoyance. In the fact that we construct them so
that we can remember
them, they take on
secret lives.
There was
a former prisoner whose password includes what
used to be his prison ID number to
constantly tell him not to go back. And
there was a childless 45-year-old woman whose
password
is the name of the baby she
lost in her 25 (her way of trying to keep him
alive, I guess).
Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several
people said they used
that when they
forgot it, the software automatically promoted
them with the right one (
password is
incorrect
Some passwords
were striking for their uniqueness. After reading
Sheryl Sandberg's book Lean
in: Women,
Work and the Will to Lead, Cortni Kerr, a running
partner of mine, found her role
model
and began using
for the year (2019) of
the password's creation.
computer
scientist
who
loves
wordplay.
It
stood
for
next
sentence
is
true.
The
previous
sentence is
false
The 4622 that my
wife used in her passwords was not just the
address of her father's childhood
home
but also a reminder of his strength. Apparently,
when the former 120 kg football standout
was
a
small
boy,
he
had
to
sing
his
home
address
(4622
South
28
th
West
Avenue)
in
one
full
breath
rather than try to say it normally. Otherwise, his
stutter (
口吃
) would embarrass
him.
（
1
）
Why
did the prisoner use his prison ID number in his
password?
rebuild his reputation.
remind him to act legally.
fight against his poor memory.
hide the unpleasant
experience.
（
2
）
What did Cortni Kerr think of
Sheryl Sandberg's book?
ul.
sting.
ve.
ing.
（
3
）
What might be the best
title for the text?
reasons why people hate
passwords.
unusual
passwords.
secret lives of
passwords.
best ways to
make your passwords unique.
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（<
/p>
2
）
D
（
3
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也
包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘
密。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“There was a
former prisoner whose password includes
what
used to be his prison
ID number to constantly tell him not to go back.”<
/p>
可知这名坐过牢的
囚犯用自己的监狱身份证号作为密码主要是提醒
自己不要回到过去（不在犯罪）。因此选
B
。
< br>
（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“Cortni Kerr, a running
partner of mine, found her role
model
and began using ‘Wwssdol9’, which stood for ‘What
would Sheryl Sandberg do’plus '19’ for
the year (2019) of the password's
creation.”
可知
Cortni
Kerr
读完
Sheryl Sandberg's book
的书
后，找到到了自己的榜样，由此判断出
Cortni
Kerr
认为
Sheryl
Sandberg
的书很激励人心。
故选
D
。
（
3
）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文介绍了
有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密
码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。选项
C.
The
secret
live
s
of
< br>passwords.“
密码里
的人生秘密
”
为短文的最佳标题。故选
C
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理
解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息
的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确
答案。
5
．
阅读理解
The human brain remembers negative
experiences more easily than positive ones. Our
brains
have developed this way because
threats, like dangerous animals, had a more
immediate effect
on our ancestors'
survival compared to positive things like food or
shelter. As a result, you likely
know
what makes you unhappy, but do you know what makes
you happy?
Research
suggests that our level of happiness depends
partly on factors we cannot
control
—
our genes and our
life circumstances. But our level of happiness is
also shaped by the choices we
make. If
you've been chasing wealth, fame, good looks,
material things and power, you may be
looking
for
happiness
in
all
the
wrong
places.
Psychologists
suggest
that
the
following
habits
make people happier.
People who form close relationships
tend to be happier than those who do not. The
number of
friends we have is not
important. What matters is the quality of our
relationships. Relationships
that bring
happiness usually involve the sharing of feelings,
mutual respect, acceptance, trust and
fun.
People
who
exercise
regularly
improve
both
their
physical
and
mental
well
being.
Some
research has shown that exercise can be
as effective as medication in treating
depression.
When we are
so interested in an activity we enjoy that we lose
track of time, we are in a state
of
flow. The activity could be making art, playing
piano, surfing, or playing a game. People who
experience flow in their work or
hobbies tend to be happier.
People
are
more
likely
to
be
happy
if
they
know
what
their
strengths
are
and
use
them
regularly,
People
who
set
goals
and
use
their
strengths
to
achieve
them
tend
to
be
happier.
People are especially happy when they
can use their strengths to serve the greater
good.
People
who
think
positively
by
being
grateful,
mindful
and
optimistic
are
more
likely
to
be
happy. Being grateful
means being thankful, Bejing mindful means being
open to, focusing on and
enjoying
the experiences
of
the
present
moment. Being
optimistic
means
being
hopeful
about
the
future.
（
1
）
Why
does the human brain remember negative things more
easily?
A.
Negative things are easy to remember.
B. Dangerous wild animals are a threat
to us.
C. Our
ancestors
had
no
enough
food
for
living.
D. Negative
things
tend
to
affect
human
survival immediately.
（
2
）
How
does the author like looking for happiness in
material things?
A. Uncertain. B.
Opposed. C. Supportive.
D. Optimistic.
（
3
）
What does the author
suggest us in the last paragraph?
A. Enjoying our life and
work.
B.
Leading a happy life each day.
C. Being positive in our life and work.
D. Thinking more about the
future.
（
4
）
What does this text mainly tell
us?
A. The
factors that make people happy.
B. How to remember positive things
easily.
C. The
habits
which
people
form
in
their
life.
D. Why
people
remember
negative
things
easily.