20186月英语六级第二套和答案及解析
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RD
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2017
< br>年
6
月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第二套完整版
）
Part I Writing (30
minutes)
Directions:
Suppose
you
are
asked
to
give
advice
on
whether
to
major
in
science
or
humanities
at
college,
write
an
essay
to
state
your
opinion.
You
are required to
write
at
least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30
minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will
hear two long conversations.
At the end
of each conversation, you mil hear four questions.
Both the
conversation and the questions
will be spoken only once. After you hear
a
question,
you
must
choose
the
best
answer
from
the
four
choices
marked
A), B), C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet
1 with a single line through the
centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on
the conversation you have just heard.
1
. A) Doing enjoyable work.
B) Having friendly colleagues.
C)Earning a competitive salary. D)
Working for supportive bosses.
2.
A) 31%. B) 20%. C)25%. D)
73%.
3.
A) Those of a small
size. B) Those run by women.
C)Those
that are well managed. D) Those full of skilled
workers.
4.
A) They can hop
from job to job easily.
B) They can
win recognition of their work.
C)They
can better balance work and life.
D)
They can take on more than one job.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
5.
A) It is a book of
European history. B) It is an introduction to
music.
C)It is about the
city of Bruges. D) It is a collection of photos.
6.
A) When painting the
concert hall of Bruges.
B) When
vacationing in an Italian coastal city.
C) When taking pictures for a concert
catalogue.
D) When writing about
Belgium’s coastal regions.
7.
A) The entire European
coastline will be submerged.
B)The
rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.
C)The seawater of Europe will be
seriously polluted.
D)The major
European scenic spots will disappear.
8.
A) Its waterways are
being increasingly polluted.
B)People
cannot get around without using boats.
C)It attracts large numbers of tourists
from home and abroad.
D)Tourists use
wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.
Section B
Directions: In
this section, you will hear two passages. At the
end
of
each
passage,
you
will
hear
three
or
four
questions.
Both
the
passage
and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question,
you
must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C)
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and
D).
Then
mark
the
corresponding
letter
on
Answer
Sheet
1
with
a
single
line through the
centre.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on
the passage you have just heard.
9.
A) They make careful preparation
beforehand.
B) They take too many
irrelevant factors into account.
C)
They spend too much time anticipating their
defeat.
D) They try hard to avoid
getting off on the wrong foot.
10.
A)
A
person’s
nervous
system
is
more
complicated
than
im
agined.
B)Golfers usually have positive mental
images of themselves.
C)Mental images
often interfere with athletes’ performance.
D)Thinking has the same
effect on the nervous system as doing.
11.
A) Anticipate possible
problems.
B) Make a list of
do’s
and don’ts.
C) Picture themselves succeeding.
D) Try to appear more professional.
12.
A) She wore a designer
dress. B) She won her first jury trial.
C)She did not speak loud enough. D) She
presented moving pictures.
Questions
13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just
heard.
13.
A) Its long-term
effects are yet to be proved.
B)Its
health benefits have been overestimated.
C)It helps people to avoid developing
breast cancer.
D)It enables patients
with diabetes to recover sooner.
14.
A) It focused on their
ways of life during young adulthood.
B)It tracked their change in food
preferences for 20 years.
C)It focused
on their difference from men in fiber intake.
D)It tracked their eating habits since
their adolescence.
15.
A)
Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.
B)Fiber may bring more benefits to
women than men.
C)Fiber may improve
the function of heart muscles.
D)Fiber
may make blood circulation more smooth.
Section C
Directions: In
this section, you will hear three recordings of
lectures or talks followed by three or
four questions. The recordings
will
be played only
once.
After
you
hear a
question,
you must choose
the
best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
single line through
the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the
recording you have just heard.
16.
A) Observing the changes in marketing.
B) Conducting research on consumer
behavior.
C)Studying the hazards of
young people drinking.
D)
Investigating the impact of media on government.
17.
A) It is the cause of
many street riots.
B) It is getting
worse year by year.
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C)It is a chief concern of parents.
D) It is an act of socialising.
18
. A) They spent a week
studying their own purchasing behavior.
B)They researched the impact of mobile
phones on young people.
C)They
analysed their family budgets over the years.
D)They conducted a thorough research on
advertising.
Questions 19 to 22 are
based on the recording you have just heard.
19.
A) It is helping its
banks to improve efficiency.
B)It is
trying hard to do away with dirty money.
C)It is the first country to use credit
cards in the world.
D)It is likely to
give up paper money in the near future.
20.
A)
Whether
it
is
possible
to
travel
without
carrying
any
physical
currency.
B)Whether it is possible to predict how
much money one is going to
spend.
C)Whether the absence of physical
currency causes a person to spend
more.
D)Whether
the
absence
of
physical
currency
is
going
to
affect
everyday
life.
21.
A)
There was no food service on the train.
B) The service on the train was not
good.
C)The restaurant car accepted
cash only.
D) The cash in her handbag
was missing.
22.
A) By
putting money into envelopes.
B)By
drawing money week by week.
C)By
limiting their day-to-day spending.
D)By refusing to buy anything on
credit.
Questions 23 to 25 are based
on the recording you have just heard.
23.
A) Population explosion.
B)Chronic hunger.
C)Extinction of rare species.
D)Environmental deterioration.
24.
A) They contribute to
overpopulation.
B)About half of them
are unintended.
C)They have been
brought under control.
D)The majority
of them tend to end halfway.
25.
A) It is essential to the wellbeing of
all species on earth.
B)It is becoming
a subject of interdisciplinary research.
C)It is neglected in many of the
developing countries.
D)It is
beginning to attract postgraduates’
attenti
on.
Part III Reading
Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In
this
section,
there
is
a
passage
with
ten
blanks.
You
are
required to select one word for each blank from a
list of choices
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given in a word bank following the
passage. Read the passage through
carefully before making your choices.
Each choice in the bank is
identified
by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter
for each
item on Answer sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre. You may
not use any of the words in the bank
more than once.
After
becoming
president
of
Purdue
University
in
2013,
Mitch
Daniels
asked
the
faculty
to
prove
that
their
students
have
actually
achieved
one
of higher education’s
most important goals: critical thinking skills.
Two
years
before,
a
nationwide
study
of
college
graduates
had
shown
that
more
than
a
third
had
made
no
__26__
gains
in
such
mental
abilities
during
their
school
years.
Mr.
Daniels
needed
to
__27__
the
high
cost
of
attending
Purdue to its students and their
families. After all, the percentage of
Americans
who
say
a
college
degree
is
“very
important”
has
fallen
__28__
in
the last 5-6 years.
Purdue now has a
pilot test to assess students’ critical thinking
skills.
Yet
like
many
college
teachers
around
the
U.S.,
the
faculty
remain
__29__
that
their
work
as
educators
can
be
measured
by
a
“learning
__30__”
such as a graduate’s ability to
investigate and reason. However, the
professors need not worry so much. The
results of a recent experiment
showed
that
professors
can
use
__31__
metrics
to
measure
how
well
students
do in three key
areas: critical thinking, written communication,
and
quantitative literacy.
Despite the success of the experiment,
the actual results are
worrisome, and
mostly __32__ earlier studies. The organizers of
the
experiment
concluded
that
far
fewer
students
were
achieving
at
high
levels
on critical thinking
than they were doing for written communication or
quantitative literacy. And that
conclusion is based only on students
nearing graduation.
American
universities,
despite
their
global
__33__
for
excellence
in
teaching, have only begun to
demonstrate what they can produce in
real-world learning. Knowledge-based
degrees are still important, but
employers
are
__34__
advanced
thinking
skills
from
college
graduates.
If
the
intellectual worth of a college degree can be
__35__ measured, more
people will seek
higher education---and come out better thinkers.
A) accurately B) confirm C) demanding
D) doubtful E) drastically
F) justify
G) monopolized H) outcome I) predominance J)
presuming
K) reputation L) significant
M) signify N) simultaneously O)
standardized
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are
going to read a passage with
ten
statements
attached
to
it.
Each
statement
contains
information
given
in one of the paragraphs. Identify the
paragraph from which the
information is
derived. You may choose a paragraph more than
once. Each
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paragraph is marked with a letter.
Answer the questions by marking the
corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2.
The Price of Oil and the Price of
Carbon
[A] Fossil fuel prices are
likely to stay “low for long”.
Notwithstanding important recent
progress in developing renewable fuel
sources, low fossil fuel prices could
discourage further innovation in,
and
adoption
of,
cleaner
energy
technologies.
The
result
would
be
higher
emissions of carbon
dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
[B] Policymakers should not allow low
energy prices to derail the
clean
energy
transition.
Action
to
restore
appropriate
price
incentives,
notably through
corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to
lower
the risk of irreversible and
potentially devastating effects of climate
change. That approach also offers
fiscal benefits.
[C] Oil prices have
dropped by over 60% since June 2014. A commonly
held view in the oil industry is that
“the best cure for low oil prices
is
low o
il prices”. The reasoning behind
this saying is that low oil
prices
discourage investment in new production capacity,
eventually
shifting the oil supply
curve backward and bringing prices back up as
existing oil fields---which can be
tapped at relatively low marginal
cost
----are depleted. In fact, in line with past
experience, capital
expenditure in the
oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing
countries,
including
the
United
States.
The
dynamic
adjustment
to
low
oil
prices may, however, be different this
time around.
[D] Oil prices are
expected to remain lower for longer. The advent
of new technologies has added about 4.2
million barrels per day to the
crude
oil
market,
contributing
to
a
global
over-supply.
In
addition,
other
factors are putting
downward pressure on oil prices: change in the
strategic
behavior
of
the
Organization
of
Petroleum
Exporting
Countries,
the projected
increase in Iranian exports, the scaling-down of
global
demand (especially from emerging
markets), the long-term drop in
petroleum
consumption
in
the
United
States,
and
some
displacement
of
oil
by substitutes. These
likely persistent forces, like the growth of
shale(
页岩) oil, point to a
“low for long” scenario. Futures markets,
which
show
only
a
modest
recovery
of
prices
to
around
$$60
a
barrel
by
2019,
support this view.
[E]
Natural gas and coal
—
also
fossil fuels
—
have similarly
seen
price
declines
that
look
to
be
long-lived.
Coal
and
natural
gas
are
mainly
used for electricity generation,
whereas oil is used mostly to power
transportation, yet the prices of all
these energy sources are linked.
The
North
American
shale
gas
boom
has
resulted
in
record
low
prices
there.
The recent discovery
of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast
will eventually have impact on pricing
in the Mediterranean region and
Europe,
and there is significant development potential in
many other
places,
notably
Argentina.
Coal
prices
also
are
low,
owing
to
over-
supply
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and the scaling-down of demand,
especially from China, which bums half
of the world’
s coal.
[F]
Technological
innovations
have
unleashed
the
power
of
renewables
such as wind,
hydro, solar, and
geothermal(
地热
). Even Africa
and the
Middle
East,
home
to economies
that
are
heavily
dependent
on
fossil
fuel
exports,
have
enormous
potential
to
develop
renewables.
For
example,
the
United Arab Emirates has endorsed an
ambitious target to draw 24%
of its
primary energy
consumption from renewable sources by 2021.
[G] Progress in the development of
renewables could be fragile,
however,
if fossil fuel prices remain low for long.
Renewables account
for
only
a
small
share
of
global
primary
energy
consumption,
which
is
still
dominated
by
fossil
fuels
—
30%
each
for
coal
and
oil,
25%
for
natural
gas.
But
renewable
energy
will
have
to
displace
fossil
fuels
to
a
much
greater
extent in the future to avoid
unacceptable climate risks.
[H]
Unfortunately,
the
current
low
prices
for
oil,
gas,
and
coal
may
provide little incentive
for research to find even cheaper substitutes
for those fuels. There is strong
evidence that both innovation and
adoption of cleaner technology are
strongly encouraged by higher fossil
fuel
prices.
The
same
is
true
for
new
technologies
for
alleviating
fossil
fuel emissions.
[I]
The
current
low
fossil
fuel
price
environment
will
thus
certainly
delay the energy transition from fossil
fuel to clean energy sources.
Unless
renewables become cheap enough that substantial
carbon deposits
are
left
underground
for
a
very
long
time,
if
not
forever,
the
planet
will
likely be exposed to potentially
catastrophic climate risks.
[J]
Some
climate
impacts
may
already
be
discernible.
For
example,
the
United Nations Children’s Fund
estimates that some 11 million children
in Africa face hunger, disease, and
water shortages as a result of the
strongest El
Nino(
厄尔尼诺
) weather
phenomenon in decades. Many
scientists
believe
that
El
Nino
events,
caused
by
warming
in
the
Pacific,
are becoming more intense as a result
of climate change.
[K]
Nations
from
around
the
world
have
gathered
in
Paris
for
the
United
Nations Climate
Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a
universal
and potentially legally-
binding agreement on reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. We need very broad
participation to fully address the global
tragedy
that
results
when
countries
fail
to
take
into
account
the
negative
impact of their carbon emissions on the
rest of the world. Moreover,
non-
participation
by
nations,
if
sufficiently
widespread,
can undermine
the political will of participating
countries to act.
[L]
The
nations
participating
at
COP
21
are
focusing
on
quantitative
emissions-
reduction
commitments.
Economic
reasoning
shows
that
the
least
expensive
way
for
each
country
is
to
put
a
price
on
carbon
emissions.
The
reason
is
that
when
carbon
is
priced,
those
emissions
reductions
that
are
least
costly to implement will happen first. The
International Monetary
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Fund calculates that countries can
generate substantial fiscal revenues
by
eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying
carbon charges that
capture
the
domestic
damage
caused
by
emissions.
A
tax
on
upstream
carbon
sources
is
one
easy
way
to
put
a
price
on
carbon
emissions,
although
some
countries
may
wish
to
use
other
methods,
such
as
emissions
trading
schemes.
In order to
maximize global welfare, every country’s carbon
pricing
should reflect not only the
purely domestic damage from emissions, but
also the damage to foreign countries.
[M] Setting the right carbon price will
therefore efficiently align
the costs
paid by carbon users with the true social
opportunity cost of
using carbon. By
raising relative demand for clean energy sources,
a
carbon price would also help align
the market return to clean-energy
innovation with its social return,
spurring the refinement of existing
technologies
and
the
development
of
new
ones.
And
it
would
raise
the
demand
for technologies such as carbon capture
and storage, spurring their
further
development. If not corrected by the appropriate
carbon price,
low fossil fuel prices
are not accurately signaling to markets the true
social
profitability
of
clean
energy.
While
alternative
estimates
of
the
damage
from
carbon
emissions
differ,
and
it’s
especially
hard
to
reckon
the
likely
costs
of
possible
catastrophic
climate
events,
most
estimates
suggest substantial negative effects.
[N] Direct subsidies to research and
development have been adopted
by some
governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon
price: they
do only part of the job,
leaving in place market incentives to over-use
fossil
fuels
and
thereby
add
to
the
stock
of
atmospheric
greenhouse
gases
without regard to the
collateral(
附带的
) costs.
[O] The hope is that the success of COP
21 opens the door to future
international agreement on carbon
prices. Agreement on an international
carbon-price
floor
would
be
a
good
starting
point
in
that
process.
Failure
to address comprehensively the problem
of greenhouse gas emissions,
however,
exposes all generations, present and future, to
incalculable
risks.
36. A
number of factors are driving down the global oil
prices not
just for now but in the
foreseeable future.
37.
Pricing
carbon
proves
the
most
economical
way
to
reduce
greenhouse
gas emissions.
38. It is
estimated that extreme weather conditions have
endangered
the lives of millions of
African children.
39. The prices of
coal are low as a result of over-supply and
decreasing demand.
40.
Higher
fossil
fuel
prices
prove
to
be
conducive
to
innovation
and
application of cleaner technology.
41. If fossil fuel prices remain low
for a long time, it may lead to
higher
emissions of greenhouse gases.
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42.
Fossil
fuels
remain
the
major
source
of
primary
energy
consumption
in today’s world.
43. Even major fossil exporting
countries have great potential to
develop renewable energies.
44. Greenhouse gas emissions, if not
properly dealt with, will pose
endless
risks for mankind.
45.
It
is
urgent
for
governments
to
increase
the
cost
of
using
fossil
fuels to an appropriate level to lessen
the catastrophic effects of
climate
change.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in
this section. Each passage is
followed
by some questions or unfinished statements. For
each of them
there are four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on
the
best
choice
and
mark
the
corresponding
letter
on
Answer
Sheet
2
with
a single
line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the
following passage.
Open
data
sharers
are
still
in
the
minority
in
many
fields.
Although
many researchers broadly agree that
public access to raw data would
accelerate science, most are reluctant
to post the results of their own
labors
online.
Some communities have agreed
to share online
—
geneticists,
for
example, post DNA sequences at the
GenBank repository(
库
), and
astronomers
are
accustomed
to
accessing
images
of
galaxies
and
stars
from,
say,
the
Sloan
Digital
Sky
Survey,
a
telescope
that
has
observed
some
500
million objects---but
these remain the exception, not the rule.
Historically, scientists have objected
to sharing for many reasons: it
is a
lot of work; until recently, good databases did
not exist; grant
funders were not
pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to
agree on
standards
for
formatting
data;
and
there
is
no
agreed
way
to
assign
credit
for data.
But the barriers
are disappearing, in part because journals and
funding
agencies
worldwide
are
encouraging
scientists
to
make
their
data
public. Last year, the
Royal Society in London said in its report that
scientists need to “shift away from a
research culture where data is
viewed
as
a
private
preserve”.
Funding
a
gencies
note
that
data
paid
for
with public money should
be public information, and the scientific
community is recognizing that data can
now be shared digitally in ways
that
were
not
possible
before.
To
match
the
growing
demand,
services
are
springing up to make it
easier to publish research products online and
enable other researchers to discover
and cite them.
Although
calls
to
share
data
often
concentrate
on
the
moral
advantages
of sharing, the
practice is not purely
altruistic(
利他的
). Researchers
who
share
get
plenty
of
personal
benefits,
including
more
connections
with
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colleagues, improved visibility and
increased citations. The most
successful
sharers
一
those whose data are
downloaded and cited the most
often---
get noticed, and their work gets used. For
example, one of the
most
popular
data
sets
on
multidisciplinary
repository
Dryad
is
about
wood
density around the world; it has been
downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author
Amy
Zanne thinks that users probably range from
climate-change
researchers
wanting
to
estimate
how
much
carbon
is
stored
in
biomass,
to
foresters looking for information on
different grades of timber. “I’d
much
prefer to have my data used by the maximum number
of people to ask
their own questions,”
she says. “It’s important to allow readers
an
d
reviewers
to
see
exactly
how
you
arrive
at
your
results.
Publishing
data
and code allows your science to be
reproducible.”
Even people
whose data are less popular can benefit. By making
the
effort to organize and label files
so others can understand them,
scientists
become
more
organized
and
better
disciplined
themselves,
thus
avoiding confusion
later on.
46. What do many researchers
generally accept?
A) It is imperative
to protect scientists’ patents.
B)Repositories are essential to
scientific research.
C)Open data
sharing is most important to medical science.
D)Open data sharing is conducive to
scientific advancement.
47. What is
the attitude of most researchers towards making
their
own data public?
A)
Opposed. B) Ambiguous. C) Liberal. D) Neutral.
48. According to the passage, what
might hinder open data sharing?
A) The
fear of massive copying.
B)The lack of
a research culture.
C)The belief that
research data is private intellectual property.
D)The concern that certain agencies may
make a profit out of it.
49. What
helps lift some of the barriers to open data
sharing?
A)The ever-growing demand for
big data.
B) The advancement of
digital technology.
C)The changing
attitude of journals and funders.
D)
The trend of social and economic development.
50.
Dryad
serves
as
an
example
to
show
how
open
data
sharing
________.
A)is becoming
increasingly popular
B) benefits
sharers and users alike
C)makes
researchers successful
D)saves both
money and labor
Passage
Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on
the following passage.
Macy’s reported
its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at
stores
open
more
than
a
year,
a
disappointing
holiday
season
performance
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