英语副词
-
Ⅰ．副词的一般特点
1
副词是一个可以修饰
a
．
动词，
b
．
形容词，
c
．
另一副词，
d
．
介词，
e
．
连
词，或
f
．整个句子的词。（黑体词为被修饰词）
a
．
He arrived
late
．
He studies
hard
．
b
．
He is very
honest
．
He has a rather
difficult problem
．
c
．
He arrived too
late
．
He studies very
hard
．
d
．
He started long
after me
．
She sat just behind
John
．
e
．
He
arrived
long
after
I
did
．
She
fell
ill
just
because
she
worked
too
hard
．
f
．
Luckily he succ
eeded
．
Economically
，
Africa is
underdeveloped
．
2
副词放在以下位置：
a
．放在所修饰词前面，
b
．紧跟所修饰词，
c
．放在
最前头，
d<
/p>
．放在最后头：
a
．
It is fairly
easy
．
He often came
here
．
b
．
John will come
soon
．
Wait here
please
．
c
．
Yesterday
John's
father
suddenly
came
her
e
．
Outside
．
people
from
the village
were quarrelling
．
d
．
He went to a
village far away from the city
yesterday
．
He has
told me all about this matter be
fore
．
3
根据词义，
副词可以分为下面几类：
a
．
时间副词，
b
．
地点副词，
c
．
方
式副词，
d
．程度副词，及
e
．（不）肯定副词：
a
．
He did
yesterday
．
He was frequently
failed
．
b
．
John sleeps
here
．
Mary went
abroad
．
Let us climb
up
．
c
．
He slept
soundly
．
He ran
fast
．
We waited
patiently
．
d
．
He is extremely
cruel
．
John walked too
fast
．
e
．
Certainly he
will return
．
He will probably
let me know
．
4
副词和形容词一样可有等级。
a
．
单音节词，
以加
-er
和
-est
的方式构成
比较级及最高级，
b
．以
-ly
结尾的副词，以加
more
和
most
的方式构成比较级
和最高级。
c
．还有少数不规则的比较形式：
原级
比较级
最高级
____
____ ____
a
．
near
nearer nearest
fast
faster fastest
b
．
quickly
more quickly most quickly
steadily more steadily
most steadily
cleverly
more cleverly most cleverly
c
．
ill
，
bad
ly worse worst
well better
best
far farther
farthest
much more
most
little less
least
A
．副词的普通用法
5
1
．几乎所有副词可以用来修饰动词：
He died here
．（地点）
He died
yesterday
．（时间）
He
died suddenly
（方式）
He nearly
（程度）
died
．
He has probably
（肯定性）
died
．
6
2
．程度副词可用来
修饰下面的词：
a
．形容词，
b
．另一副词，
c
．间或
修饰动词：
a
．
He is rather
silly
．
The house is very
dark
．
He has an extremely
difficult
problem
．
b
．
He ran much
faster than I
．
He speaks
English fluently enough
．
He
works too hard
．
c
．
He loves her
very much
．
I little know that
she is his sister
．
方式副词也可用来表示程度，修饰形容词（
d
）或副词（<
/p>
e
）：
d
．
He
is
dreadfully
sad
．
Mary
is
remarkably
simple
．
She
is
lamentably
poor
．
He is
comfortably warm
．
e
．
He ran
tolerably fast
．
He writes
immeasurably better than
I
．
We
have waited
terribly long
．
He read
incredibly fast
．
注：出于语音上的考虑，副词及所修饰的副词不能同时都以
-ly
结尾，避免
说
He works terribly
slowly
．（但可说
He's terribly
slow
．）
7
3
．表示
a
．程度，
b
．时间，或
c
．地点的副词可以用来修饰介词：
a
．
He is much
against my proposal
．
He failed entirely through his own
fault
．
He arrived
exactly at five o'clock
．
he sat just behind
me
．
b
．
He came soon
after noon
．
He
left long before the war
．
c
．
He lives far
beyond that pagoda
．
He stood close beside
me
．
It is
near
（
or
hard
）
by the
bridge
．
8
4
．表示
a
．程度，或
b
．时间的副词可用来修
饰连词：
a
．
He fell ill
partly because he worked too
hard
．
He met her
exactly when she was angry
．
b
．
He got married
long before he was
graduated
．
He
died soon after he got sick
．
9
5
．表示
a
．肯定程度，及
b
．方式的副词可以
用来修饰整个句子：
a
．
He will surely
succeed
．
Surely
he will succeed
．
He will probably
come
．
We must
positively get the license
．
Yes
，
I can
< br>．
No
．
I
can't
．
b
．
Happily
，
he was
pardoned
．
Luckily
，
he has
tried his best and
succeeded
．
B
．副词的特殊用法
10
6
．少数副词可用来修饰名词。在这样用时，它们通常放在所修饰名词
< br>的前面：
He is quite a
hero
（
=quite
heroic
）．
He is
regarded as rather a
fool
（
=rather
foolish
）．
He is
almost a child
（
=almost
childish
）．
Only
Wang studied English last
year
．（
No other students
studied
．）
Wang
studied only English last
year
．（
not any other
language
）
（
Even
和
almost
的
作用和
only
相同）
11
有些副词
（多为地点副词）
在修饰名词时，
可以看作一个压缩的形容
词
从句（即定语从句）：
He
waited at the bridge
there
（
=that lay
there
）．
He looked
at the lamp avove
．