(完整版)英语倒装句的用法归纳
-
英语部分倒装用法归纳
1.
否定副词位于句首时的倒装
在正式文体中,
never, seldom,
rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no
longer, nowhere
等含有否定意义的副词若位
于句首,
则其后要用部分倒
装:
I shall never forgive him. / Never
shall I forgive him.
我永远不会宽恕他。
He
seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go
out for dinner.
他很少
出去吃饭。
She hardly has time to listen to music.
/ Hardly does she have time to listen
to music.
她几乎没时间听音乐。
He
little realizes how important this meeting is. /
Little does he realize how
important
this meeting is.
他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。
We
had no sooner reached the airport than the plane
took off. / No sooner
had we reached
the airport than the plane took off.
我们
刚到机场
,
飞机就
起飞了。
【注意】
(1) <
/p>
对于
not…until
句型,当
not until…
位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒
装语序:
He didn’t leave the
ro
om until the rain stopped. / Not
until the rain stopped
did he leave the
room.
雨停了之后他才离开这房间。
(2)
某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于
句首,其后
要用部分倒装:
On
no accounts must this switch be touched.
这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
In
[Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.
无论如何我也不会
再借钱给他了。
但是,
in no time(
立即,
马上
)
位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序:
In no time he worked out the
problem.
他马上就算出了那道题。
2.“only+
状语
”
位于句首时的倒装
当
一个状语受副词
only
的修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装
语序:
Only then did he realize
that he was wrong.
到那时他才意识到他错了。
Only
in this way are you able to do it well.
你只有用这种方法才能把它做
好。
Only when he returned home did he
realize what had happened.
当他回到
家里时,才知道出了什么事。
3. “so+adj. /
adv.”
位于句首时的倒装
副词<
/p>
so
后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装:
So cold was the weather that we
had to stay at home.
天气太冷,我们只好
呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can
hardly imagine its speed.
光速很快,
< br>我
们几乎没法想像它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no
time to escape.
袭击来得非常突
然,我们来不及逃跑。
4.“so+
助动词
+
主语
”
倒装
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用
“So+
助动词
+
主
语
”
这种倒装结构:
You are young and so am I.
你年轻,我也年轻。
She
likes music and so do I.
她喜欢音乐,我也喜欢。
If he
can do it, so can I.
要是他能做此事,我也能。
【注意】
(1)
< br>若前面提出某一否定的情况,要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况,
则应将其中的<
/p>
so
改为
neither
或
nor
:
You aren’t young and neither am I.
你不年轻,我也不年轻。
She
hasn’t read it and nor have I.
她没有读它,我也没有读。
(2)
注意该结构与表示强调或同意的
“so+
主语
+
特殊动词
”
< br>结构的区别:
erday.<
/p>
昨天很冷。
”“
的确很冷。
”
爸爸,你答应过的。<
/p>
”“
嗯,是答
应过。
”
5.
由
not only…but
also
引出的倒装
当
not only…but
also
位于句首引出句子时,
not only
后的句子通常用部
分倒装形式:
Not only is he a teacher, but he is
also a poet.
他不仅是一位教师,而且是
一位诗人。
Not only did he speak more correctly,
but he spoke more easily.
不仅他讲
得更正确,也讲得更不费劲了。
6.
虚拟条件句的省略与倒装
p>
当
if
引导的虚拟条件从句中含有
had, were, should
等时,如将
if
省略,
则要将
had,
were, should
等移到主语前,构成倒装句:
Had you come yesterday, you would have
seen him.
若你昨天来,
你就会见
到他了。
Should you require
anything give me a ring.
如果需要什么,
可以给我打电
话。
Were
it not for your help, I would still be homeless. <
/p>
要不是你帮助,
我会仍
然无家可归。
p>
【注意】省略
if
后提前的
had
不一定是助动词:
Had I money, I would buy it.
假若我有钱,我就会买它。
完全倒装的四种主要类型
1. here
和
there
位于句首时的倒装
表示地点的
here
和
there
位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装
句的谓语通常是动词
be
和
c
ome, go
等表示移动或动态的不及物动词:
Here’s Tom.
汤姆在这里。
There’s
Jim.
吉姆在那儿。
Here
comes the bus.
公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell.
铃响了。
There goes
the last train.
最后一班火车开走了。
【注意】
(1)
< br>以上倒装句中的谓语动词
come
和
go
不能用进行时态,即不能说
Here is coming the
bus
。
(2)
若主语为代词,则不倒装:
Here
I am.
我在这儿。
/
我来了。
Here it
comes.
它来了。
(3)
其中的动词有时也可能是
stand, lie, live<
/p>
等表示状态的动词
(
表示存
在
)
:
There stood a desk against the wall.
靠墙放着一张书桌。
Once
upon a time there lived a man known by the name of
Beef.
从前有个
人名叫比夫。
2. away
和
down
等位于句首时的倒装
地点副词
away, down, in, off,
out, over, round, up
等位于句首时,
其后用
完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词:
< br>
Away went the runners.
赛跑选手们跑远了。
Round
and round flew the plane.
飞机盘旋着。
The door
opened and in came Mr Smith.
门开了,史密斯先生进了来。
Down came the rain and up went the
umbrellas.
下雨了,伞都撑起来了。
【注意】
若主语为人称代词,则不能用倒装:
Away he went.
他跑远了。
Down it
came.
它掉了下来。
3.
状语或表语位于句首时的倒装
为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,
有时可将状语或表语置
于句首,
句中主语和谓语完全倒装:
Among these people was his friend Jim.
他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
By
the window sat a young man with a magazine in his
hand.
窗户边坐着
一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。
p>
【注意】
在表
语置于句首的这类倒装结构中,
要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语
保持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较:
In
the box was a cat.
箱子里是一只猫。
In the box were some cats.
箱子里是一些猫。
4.
分词和不定式置于句首的倒装
有时为了强调,
可将谓语部分的现在分词、
过去分词或不定式置于句首,
从而构成倒装:
Buried in the sands was an ancient
village.
一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土
之中。
Standing beside the table was his wife.
站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
To be
carefully considered are the following questions.
下列问题要仔细考
虑。
p>
涉及
only
的倒装及考题分析
按英语习惯同,
当
“only+
状语
”
< br>位于句首时,
其后句子要用部分倒装。
如:
Only then did he realize that he
was wrong.
到那时他才意识到他错了。
Only in this way are you able to do it
well.
你只有用这种方法才能把它
做好。
Only in this way can our honour be
saved.
只有这样,才能保住我们的荣
誉。
Only then did I understand
what she meant.
只有到那时我才明白她的意
思。
Only after her death was I able to
appreciate her.
只有到她死后我才认识
到她的价值。
Only when he returned home did he
realize what had happened.
当他回到
< br>家里时
,
才知道出了什么事。
Only in this way can we learn English.
只有这样才能学会英语。
The
pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I
realize how dangerous
the situation had
been.
飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心,这时我才明白刚才的
情
况有多危险。
Only by shouting was
he able to make himself heard.
他只有叫喊才能让
别人听到他。
Only when we landed did we see how
badly the plane had been damaged.
我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。
Only on one point do I agree with you.
只有一点,我同意你的说法。
【典
型考题】
(
答案分别为
DC)
1. Only then _________ how much damage
had been caused.
A. she realized
B. she had realized
C. had
she realized
D. did she realize
2. Only
after my friend came _________.
A. did
the computer repaired
B. be repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired
D. the computer was repaired
特别说明:
有时命题者不是利用位于句首的
“only+
p>
状语
”
来考查倒装,
而
是倒过来,利用给定的倒装结构来考查对
only
的选择。如下面一题
(
答
案选
A)
:
_________ by keeping down costs will
Power Data hold its advantage over
other companies.
A. Only
B. Just
C. Still
D. Yet
涉及副
词
so
的两类常考倒装
这类倒装主要见于以下两种情形:
1.
当副词
so
后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后要用部分倒装。如:
So cold was the weather that we had to
stay at home.
天气太冷,我们只好
呆在家里。