1990年考研英语真题及答案
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1990
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
试题
Section I: Structure and
V
ocabulary
In each question,
decide which of the four choices given will most
suitably complete the sentence
if
inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in
the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
EXAMPLE:
I was caught ________ the rain
yesterday.
[A] in
[B] by
[C] with
[D] at
ANSWER: [A]
l.
Those two families have been
quarrelling ________ each other for many years.
[A] to
[B] between
[C] against
[D] with
2.
There are many things
whose misuse is dangerous, bur it is hard to think
of anything that can
be compared
________ tobacco products.
[A] in
[B] with
[C] among
[D] by
3.
“How
often have you seen cases like this?” one surgeon
asked another. “Oh, __
______ times,
I guess,” was the reply.
[A] hundred of
[B] hundreds
[C] hundreds of
[D] hundred
4.
Give me your telephone
number ________ I need your help.
[A]
whether
[B] unless
[C] so
that
[D] in case
5.
You sang well last night. We hope
you’ll sing
________.
[A]
more better
[B] still better
[C] nicely
[D] best
6.
Those people ________ a
general understanding of the present situation.
[A] lack of
[B] are lacking
of
[C] lack
[D] are in lack
7.
Alone in a
desert house, he was so busy with his research
work that he felt ________ lonely.
[A]
nothing but
[B] anything but
[C] all but
[D] everything
but
8.
Grace ________ tears
when she heard the sad news.
[A] broke
in
[B] broke into
[C] broke
off
[D] broke through
9.
She refused to ________ the car keys to
her husband until he had promised to wear his
safety
belt.
[A] hand in
[B] hand out
[C] hand down
[D] down
10.
Michael found it difficult to get his
British jokes ________ to American audiences.
[A] around
[B] over
[C] across
[D] down
11.
The book contained a
large ________ of information.
[A] deal
[B] amount
[C] number
[D] sum
12.
Nowadays
advertising
costs
are
no
longer
in
reasonable
________
to
the
total
cost
of
the
product.
[A] proportion
[B] correlation
[C]
connection
[D] correspondence
13.
When she saw the clouds
she went back to the house to ________ her
umbrella.
[A] carry
[B]
fetch
[C] bring
[D] reach
14.
We must ________ that
the experiment is controlled as rigidly as
possible.
[A] assure
[B]
secure
[C] ensure
[D] issue
15.
He was knocked down by a
car and badly ________.
[A] injured
[B] damaged
[C]
harmed
[D] ruined
Section
II: Reading Comprehension
Each of the
three passages below is followed by some
questions. For each question there are four
answers. Read the passages carefully
and choose the best answer to each of the
questions. Put your
choice in the
ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
Text 1
In May l989, space shuttle “Atlantis”
released in outer space the space probe
“Megallan,” which is
now on her
15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to
Venus. A new phase in space exploration
has begun.
The planet Venus
is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the
only other object in the solar system,
in fact, that even comes close to
earth’s size. Venus has a similar density, so it
is probably made of
approximately the
same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete
with clouds. It is also the closest
planet to earth, and thus the most
similar in distance from the sun. In short, Venus
seems to justify
its
long-
held nickname of “earth’s
twin.”
The surface
temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. Added to
that is an atmospheric pressure
about
90 times Earth’s: High overhead in the carbon
dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of
clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick,
whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid
(H2SO4).
Water is all but nonexistent.
Born with so many fundamental
similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so
radically different:
It
is
not
just
an
academic
matter.
For
all
its
extremes,
Venus
is
a
valuable
laboratory
for
researchers
studyin
g
the
weather
and
climate
of
earth.
It
has
no
earth’s
oceans,
so
the
heat
transport
and
other
mechanisms
are
greatly
simplified.
In
addition,
the
planet
Venus
takes
243
earth-
days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat
from the sun is added and distributed at a
more leisurely, observable pace.
16.
Venus is similar to
Earth in ________.
[A] size and density
[B] distance from the sun
[C] having atmosphere
[D]
all of the above
17.
The
greatest value in studying Venus should be to
________.
[A] allow us to visit there
[B] understand Earth better
[C] find a new source of energy
[D] promote a new space program
18.
The main idea of this
passage is about ________.
[A] problems
of space travel
[B] scientific methods
in space exploration
[C] the importance
of Venus to Earth
[D] conditions on
Venus
Text 2
Tourists were
surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange
tractor down one of Rome’s main
avenues.
Italy’s
political
leaders
and
some
of
its
male
union
chiefs
are
said
to
have
been
even
more
puzzled
to
see
that
the
tractor
was
followed
by
about
200,000
women
in
a
parading
procession that
took more than three hours to snake through
central Rome.
Shouting
slogans,
waving
flags
and
dancing
to
drumbeats,
the
women
had
come
to
the
capital
from all over Italy to
demons
trate for “a job for each of us,
a different type of job, and a society
without violence.” So far, action to
improve women’s opportunities in employment has
been the
province
of
collective
industrial
bargaining.
“But
there
is
a
growing
awareness
that
this
is
not
enough,”
says
a
researcher
on
female
labor
at
the
government
-funded
Institute
for
the
Development of Professional Training
for Workers.
Women,
who
constitute
52
per
cent
of
Italy’s
population,
today
represent
only
35
per
cent
of
Italy’s total workfo
rce and
33 per cent of the total number of Italians with
jobs. However, their
presence in the
workplace is growing. The employment of women is
expanding considerably in
services,
next
to
the
public
administration
and
commerce
as
their
principal
workplace.
Official
statistics also show that women have
also made significant strides in self-employment.
More and
more women are going into
business for themselves. Many young women are
turning to business
because of the
growing overall in employment. It is also a fact
that today many prejudices have
disappeared,
so
that
banks
and
other
financial
institutes
make
judgments
on
purely
business
considerations without caring if it is
a man or a woman.
Such
changes
are
occurring
in
the
professions
too.
The
number
of
women
doctors,
dentists,
lawyers, engineers
and university professors increased two to three
fold. Some of the changes are
immediately visible. For example, women
have appeared on the scene for the first time as
state
police, railway workers and
street cleaner.
However,
the
present
situation
is
far
from
satisfactory
though
some
progress has
been
made. A
breakthrough in equal opportunities for
women is now demanded.
19.
The expression “snake through central
Rome” probably means “to move ________
[A] quietly throu
gh central
Rome.”
[B] violently through
central Rome.”
[C] in a long
winding line through central Rome.”
[D] at a leisurely pace through central
Rome.”
20.
Which
of the following statements is NOT true?
[A] There are more women than men in
Italy.
[B] In Italy, women are chiefly
employed in services.
[C] In Italy,
women are still at a disadvantage in employment.
[D] In Italy, about two-thirds of the
jobs are held by men.
21.
About 200,000 women in Rome
demonstrated for ________.
[A] more job
opportunities
[B] a greater variety of
jobs
[C] “equal job, equal
pay”
[D] both A and B
22.
The best title for this
passage would be ________.
[A] The Role
of Women is Society
[B] Women
Demonstrate for Equality in Employment
[C] Women as Self-employed
Professionals
[D] Women and the Jobs
Market
Text 3
The old idea that talented children
“burn themselves out” in the early
years, and, therefore, are
subjected to failure and at worst,
mental illness is unfounded. As a matter of fact,
the outstanding
thing that happens to
bright kids is that they are very likely to grow
into bright adults.
To find this out,
l, 500 gifted persons were followed up to their
thirty-fifth year with these results:
On adult intelligence tests, they
scored as high as they had as children. They were,
as a group, in
good health, physically
and mentally. 84 per cent of their group were
married and seemed content
with their
lives.
About 70 per cent had graduated
from college, though only 30 per cent had
graduated with honors.
A few had even
dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned
to graduate. Of the men, 80 per
cent
were
in
one
of
the
professions
or
in
business
management
or
semiprofessional
jobs.
The
women
who had remained single had office, business, or
professional occupations.
The
group
had
published
90
books
and
1,500
articles
in
scientific,
scholarly,
and
literary
magazines and had collected more than
100 patents.
In a material way they did
not do badly either. Average income was
considerably higher among the
gifted
people, especially the men, than for the country
as a whole, despite their comparative youth.
In fact, far from being strange, most
of the gifted were turning their early promise
into practical
reality.
23.
The old idea that talented children
“burn themselves out” in the early
years is ________.
[A] true
in all senses
[B] refuted by the author
[C] medically proven
[D] a
belief of the author
24.
The
survey of bright children was made to ________.
[A] find out what had happened to
talented children when they became adults
[B] prov
e that talented
children “burn themselves out” in the early
years
[C] discover the
percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted
[D] prove that talented children never
burn themselves out
25.
Intelligence tests showed that
________.
[A] bright children were
unlikely to be mentally healthy
[B]
between childhood and adulthood there was a
considerable loss of intelligence
[C]
talented children were most likely to become
gifted adults
[D] when talented
children grew into adults, they made low scores
Section III: Close Test
For
each numbered blank in the following passage there
are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and
[D], choose the best one and put your
choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage
before making your choice. (10 points)
No one knows for sure what the world
would be like in the year 2001. Many books have
been
written
__26__
the
future.
But
the
19th-century
French
novelist
Jules
Verne
may
be
called
a
futurologist in the fullest __27__ of
the word. In his fantastic novels “A Trip to
the
Moon” and “80
Days Around the World,” he described
with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter.
These
novels
still
have
a
great
attraction
__28__
young
readers
of
today
because
of
their
bold
imagination and scientific accuracy.
Below is a description of what our life
will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a __29__
writer.
In 2001, in the home, cookers
will be set so that you can cook a complete meal
at the touch of a