江苏高中英语任务型阅读二 5篇(附答案)
-
江苏高中英语任务型阅读
5
篇
一．Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2014·淮安调研
)You say you want
to be alone Think again. Researchers have found
that older
people
with
fewer
human
contacts
are
more
likely
to
die
—
even
if
they're
happy
in
their
isolation
(
孤立状态
)
—
than people with richer
social lives. The study adds to the debate over
whether
loneliness, social isolation,
or some combination of the two leads to higher
death rate.
Social isolation
is an objective condition in which people have
little communication with
others.
Loneliness, on the other hand, is an emotional
state felt by people who are dissatisfied
with their social
connections.
To
find
out
the
effects
of
being
alone
versus
(
比对
)
just
feeling
lonely,
Steptoe
of
University
College London and his colleagues
examined data from 6,500 Britons aged 50 and up
who had filled
out questionnaires
evaluating their levels of loneliness.
The most socially isolated subjects had
a 26% greater risk of dying, even when sex, age,
and
other factors linked to survival
were taken into account, the researchers report
online today.
They then made changes
about their model to determine whether the
connection to death was due
to the fact
that isolated people are often lonely. It
wasn't.
The researchers then
explored the connection between loneliness itself
and death. Intense
loneliness also
appeared to raise the risk of death by 26%
—
until the team took into
account
a
host
of
other
factors
linked
to
survival,
including
wealth,
education,
and
the
presence
of
health
problems.
Once
their
impact
had
been
explained,
the
scientists
discovered
that
loneliness
on
its
own didn't make people more vulnerable
(
脆弱的
) to death.
The researchers suspect that older
people who have few social ties may not be getting
the
care they need. No one is urging
them to eat right or take their medicine, and in a
crisis no
one is there to
help.
Other researchers
praise the new work as rigorous
(
严密的
) and
well
controlled. But they
say
it's
far
from
clear
that
social
isolation,
not
loneliness,
is
always
the
real
cause
of
increased
death
rate.
Other studies,
including an analysis of older Americans led by
John Cacioppo, a psychology
professor
at the University of Chicago in Illinois, have
shown a link between loneliness and a
higher
death
rate. Cacioppo
suspects
that
the
disagreement
between
his
study
and
the
new
research
could lie with cultural differences
between Steptoe's British subjects and Americans,
and that
Britons and Americans may
define friends differently, too.
Health psychologist Bert Uchino of the
University of Utah praises the new study, but he
says
that researchers are still far
from understanding how those two factors affect
one another and
other
health
related
behaviors.
Dangers of Isolation
Passage outline
The
finding
of
a
new study and
its impact
The
differences
•
More
(2)________
is
caused
over
older
people's
higher
death
rate.
Supporting
details
•
Social
isolation may (1)________ older people's risk of
death.
•
Social
isolation
means
that
people
hardly
(3)________
with
others
between social
or stay alone.
isolation and
•
Loneliness
means
that
people
are
not
satisfied
with
their
social
loneliness
connections or (4)________
lonely.
•
The
isolation actually led to a greater risk of dying,
but
The conclusion
(5)________ itself couldn't cause the
higher death rate.
of the
research
•
The
cause of higher death rate might lie in their lack
of good
care and timely
(6)________
．
The
(7)________
•
It was still
(8)________ that social isolation rather than
of other
loneliness is the
real cause of higher death rate.
researchers
•
Cultural
differences
between
Britons
and
Americans
might
explain
the
(9)________ result of the study by John
Cacioppo.
•
There
is
still
a
long
way
to
go
before
(10)________
how
those
two
factors
affect one another.
二．Ⅲ
.
任务型阅读
(2014·南通高三二调
)
Do You Play to Win
—
or to Not Lose
In what kinds of situations are you
most effective What factors strengthen or weaken
your
motivation People answer these
questions in many different ways. Now studies show
us a way of
grouping people into types
on the basis of personality nature that does
predict performance:
promotion focus or
prevention focus.
Motivational
focus
affects
how
we
approach
life's
challenges
and
demands.
Promotion
focused
people see their goals as creating a
path to gain or advancement and concentrate on the
rewards
that
will
accumulate
when
they
achieve
them.
They
are
eager
and
they
play
to
win.
You'll
recognize
promotion
focused
people
as
those
who
are
comfortable
taking
chances,
who
like
to
work
quickly,
who dream big and think creatively.
Unfortunately, all that chance taking, speedy
working, and
positive
thinking
makes
these
individuals
more
likely
to
make
mistakes,
less
likely
to
think
things
through and usually unprepared with a
plan B if things go wrong. That's a price they are
willing
to
pay,
because
for
the <
/p>
promotion
focused,
the
worst
thing
is
a
chance
not
taken,
a
reward
unearned,
a failure to advance.
The
promotion
focused
are
likely
to
find
“artistic
and
investigative”
careers,
as
musicians,
copywriters,
inventors,
and
consultants.
These
tend
to
be
think
outside
the
box
jobs,
in
which
people are rewarded for creative
thinking, and being practical isn't
emphasized.
Prevention
focused
people,
in
contrast,
see
their
goals
as
responsibilities.
They
worry
about
what
might go wrong if they don't work hard enough or
aren't careful enough. They are cautious
and play to not lose, to hang on to
what
they have, to maintain the status
quo (
现状
). They often
try
to
stay
safe,
so
their
work
is
more
thorough,
accurate,
and
carefully
considered.
To
succeed,
they
work
slowly
and
carefully.
They
aren't
usually
the
most
creative
thinkers,
but
they
may
have
excellent
analytical
(
分析的
)
and
problem
solving
skills.
While
the
promotion
minded
bring
lots
of
ideas,
good and
bad,
it often takes someone
prevention
minded
to tell the difference
between
the two.
Studies show that
prevention
focused
individuals are likely to take up what
organizational
psychologists
call
“conventional
and
realistic”
work,
as
administrators,
bookkeepers,
accountants, technicians, and
manufacturing workers. These occupations require
knowledge of
rules
and
regulations,
careful
performance,
and
a
propensity
(
癖好
)
for
thoroughness
—
they
are
jobs in which attention
to detail is what really pays off.
Although everyone is concerned at
various times with both promotion and prevention,
most of
us have a dominant
(
占支配地位的
) motivational focus.
It affects what we pay attention to, what
we value, and how we feel when we
succeed or fail. It determines our strengths and
weaknesses,
both personally and
professionally.
三．Ⅲ
.
任
务型阅读
(2014·苏州五市四区高三月考
) Goals are
the guides all through our life. We all have goals
that we are moving towards and making
a great effort to achieve. This is a good thing.
Or can
it be bad How many of us never
reach our goals and yet we have tried so hard and
really thought
about nothing else I
believe the mistake most of us make is that we do
not focus on our present
situation.
Let me
explain. Most of us see our present situation as a
stepping stone that we use simply
as a
means of reaching our final destination. We don't
take time to truly appreciate where we
are today and all the great things we
already have in our lives. We should focus our
attention
on the journey and not on the
destination, or we will miss the beautiful scenery
along the way.
Let's use our
job as an example. Now most of us want a
promotion. We have plans to become
the
manager or general manager in our companies.
Unfortunately, most of us will never reach the
goal, but will watch others achieve our
goal instead.
What we should
be doing is focusing on the job we are currently
in now. Forget where we want
to get to
and just focus on the present. You see, what we
can control is our performance in our
current job. We can decide to be the
best we possibly can in our current job. Now this
may mean
further
education
to
have
the
skills
we
currently
do
not
have.
It
may
mean
working
harder
to
produce
better results than our colleagues. It
could simply be a change of attitude, such as
stopping
complaining and becoming a
more devoted and supportive employee. By doing our
current job to the
best of our
abilities, we in fact give ourselves the best
chance of promotion.
So the
best thing for all of us to do to achieve our
goals is to just focus on what we have
and where we are now. Do the best and
be the best we possibly can in our current
situations, and
we will give ourselves
the very best chance of reaching our goals in the
future. We have heard
the old sayings
and they are true: “Rome wasn't built in a day.”
“Patience is a virtue.”，
and
so on.
Have patience, have
appreciation of what we already have, and take
time to help ourselves
be the very best
we can. Do these things and we will all reach our
goals, but more importantly,
we will
enjoy our life every day.