现在完成时及其不规则动词
-
语法一点通
现在完成时态
语法点拨：现在完成时态
基本用法
用法（一）：谈论个人经历
构成：
have/has(
助动词）
+done(
过去分词）
例如：
I have heard of the
person.
我听说过这个人
说明：常常与副词
ever,
never
连用。
I have ever heard
of the person.
否定：主语
+ have/has + not +
done....
疑问：
Have/Has+
主语
+done...<
/p>
？
注意：
have/has been to
与
have /has gone to
用法（二）：表示“某动作从过去一直持续到现在”。
（持续的时间用
for
或
since
短语表达）
构成：
have/has +
done + for +
时间段；
have/has +
done + since +
时间点
此时与现在完成进行时态的用法相同。
如：
He
has watched TV for half an hour. = He has been
watching TV for half an hour.
说明：如果句中动词为非延续性动词，不能直接与
for
和
since
的短
语连用。
如：
He has got to Chengdu for
2 days. (
错）
如果把句中
got to
变为可持续性动词（
be),
就可以
与
for
和
since
的短语连用。
He has been in Chengdu for 2 days. (
对）他到达成都已经
2
天了。
用法（三）：表示“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响”。
构成：与用法（一）相同。
常常与
just, already,
yet
等副词连用。
例子：
I have
already eaten supper.
我已经吃了晚餐了。（含义：我现在不吃了）
Have you eaten supper yet?
你已经吃过晚餐了吗？（含义：你现在想吃晚餐吗？）
说明：副词
already
常用于肯定句。而
yet
则用于否定和疑问句。在否定句中常常翻译为“还”。
I
haven
’
t eaten supper yet.
我还没吃晚餐。（含义：我现在想吃晚餐）
动词过去分词变化规则与不规则变化
（一）变化规则：与过去式规则相同。
1.
一
般直接在词尾加上
ed
。
look
---looked----looked
2.
以
e
结
尾的动词，直接加
d
。
move---
moved----moved
3.
以
y
结
尾，
y
前面是辅音字母的动词，变
y
为
i
，再加
e
d
。
carry---carried-----
carried
4.
部分动词需双写尾字母，加
ed
。
stop----stopped----stopped
（二）不规则变化：
不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过
去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规
则”。为方便同学们记忆，现将部分不规则动词的
原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。以便准
确记忆。
AAB
型
原形
beat
ABC
型
原形
be
begin
blow
break
choose
do
draw
drive
drink
eat
fall
fly
forget
get
give
go
grow
hide
know
mistake
ride
ring
rise
see
shake
sing
speak
steal
过去式
was / were
began
blew
broke
chose
did
drew
drove
drank
ate
fell
flew
forgot
got
gave
went
grew
hid
knew
mistook
rode
rang
rose
saw
shook
sang
spoke
stole
过去分词
been
begun
blown
broken
chosen
done
drawn
driven
drunk
eaten
fallen
flown
forgotten
gotten
given
gone
grown
hidden
known
mistaken
ridden
rung
risen
seen
shaken
sung
spoken
stolen
现分
/
动名词
being
beginning
blowing
breaking
choosing
doing
drawing
driving
drinking
eating
falling
flying
forgetting
getting
giving
going
growing
hiding
knowing
mistaking
riding
ringing
rising
seeing
shaking
singing
speaking
stealing
三单
is / am
begins
blows
breaks
chooses
does
draws
drives
drinks
eats
falls
flies
forgets
gets
gives
goes
grows
hides
knows
mistakes
rides
rings
rises
sees
shakes
sings
speaks
steals
中文
是，在„
开始
吹
破裂、折断
选择
做、干
画画
驾驶
喝
吃
落下
飞
忘记
到达、得到
给
去
成长
隐藏
知道了解
犯错
骑
响铃
升起
看到
摇动
唱
讲
偷
过去式
beat
过去分词
beaten
现分
/
动名词
beating
三单
beats
中文
打败
swim
take
throw
wake
wear
write
AAA
型
原形
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
set
shut
ABA
型
原形
become
come
overcome
run
ABB
型
原形
understand
bring
build
burn
buy
catch
swam
took
threw
woke
wore
wrote
swum
taken
thrown
woken
worn
written
swimming
taking
throwing
waking
wearing
writing
swims
takes
throws
wakes
wears
writes
游泳
拿、带
扔
唤醒
穿戴
写
过去式
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
set
shut
过去分词
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
set
shut
现分
/
动名词
costing
cutting
hitting
hurting
letting
putting
reading
setting
shutting
三单
costs
cuts
hits
hurts
lets
puts
reads
sets
shuts
中文
花费
砍、切、割
打、撞
伤害
让
放置
读
设置、搭建
关闭
过去式
became
came
overcame
ran
过去分词
become
come
overcome
run
现分
/
动名词
becoming
coming
overcoming
running
三单
becomes
comes
overcomes
runs
中文
成为
来
克服
跑
过去式
understood
brought
built
burned/burnt
bought
caught
过去分词
understood
brought
built
burned/burnt
bought
caught
现分
/
动名词
understanding
bringing
building
burning
buying
catching
三单
understands
brings
builds
burns
buys
catches
中文
理解、明白
带来
建造
燃烧
买
抓住、赶上