英语A级资料
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英语
A
级复习资料
词组:
1. abide by
(
=be
faithful to
;
obey
)忠于;遵守。
2.
be absent from…。
缺席,不在
3. absence
or mind
(
=being absent-
minded
)
心不在焉
4.
absorb
(
=take up the
attention of
)吸引…的注意力
be absorbed i n
全神贯注于…近;
be engrossed in
;
be lost in
;
be
rapt in
;
be
concentrated on
;
be focused
on
;
be centered on
5.
(
be
)
abundant in
(
be rich
in
;
be well supplied
with
)
富于,富有
6. access
p>
(
to
)
(不可数名词)
能接近,进入,了解
7. by
accident
(
=by
chance
,
accidentally
)偶然地,意外。
8. of one's own
accord
(
=without being
asked
;
willingly
;
freely
)自愿地
9.
in accord with
与…一致
. out of
one's accord with
同…不一致
10. with one accord
(
=with everybody
agreeing
)一致地
11.
in accordance with
(
=in
agreement with
)
依照,根据
12. on
one's own account
为了某人的缘故,
为了某人自己的利益
13.
take…into account(
=consider
)
把……考虑进去
14. give sb. an
account of
说明,
解释
(理由)
15. account
for
(
=give an explanation or
reason for
)
解释,
说明。
16. on
account of
(
=because
of
)
由于,因为。
17. on no
account
(
=in no
case
,
for no
reason
)绝不要(放句首时句
子要倒装)
18.
accuse…of…(=charge…with;
blame sb. for
sth.
)
指控,控告
19. be
accustomed to
(
=be in the
habit of
,
be used
to
)习惯于。
20. be
acquainted with
(
=to have
knowledge of
)
了解;
21. act on
奉行,按照…行动;
act as
扮演;
act for
代理
22. adapt
oneself to
(
=adjust oneself
to
)
使自己适应于
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23.
adapt…(
for
)
(
=make sth. Suitable for a
new need
)
改编,
改写
24. in addition
(
=besides
)
此外,
又,
加之
25. in
addition to
(
=as well
as
,
besides
,
other
than
)除…外
26.
adhere to
(
=abide
by
,
conform
to
,
comply
with
,
cling
to
,
insist
on
,
persist in
,
observe
,
opinion
,
belief
)
粘附;
坚持,
遵循
27.
adjacent
(
=next
to
,
close
to
)
毗邻的,
临近的
28.
adjust……(
to
)
(
=change
slightly
)调节;
适应;
29. admit of
(
=be capable
of
,
leave room
for
)
…的可能,留有…的余地。
30.
in advance
(
before in
time
)
预告,
事先。
31. to
advantage
有利的,使优点更加突出地。
32. have an advantage over
胜过。
have the advantage of
由于…处于有利条件
33.
take advantage of
(
=make the
best of
,
utilize
,
make use
of
)利用
34. agree
with
赞同(某人意见)
agree to
同意
35. in
agreement
(
with
)
同意,
一致
36. ahead of
在…之前,
超过…;
ahead of time
提前。
37. in the
air 1
)不肯定,
不具体。
2
)在谣传中。
38. above
all
(
=especially
,
most important of
all
)
尤其是,
最重要的。
39. in all
(
=counting everyone or
everything
,
altogether
)
总共,
总计
40. after all
毕竟,到底;
(
not
)
at all
一点也不;
all at once
(
=suddenly
)
突
然;
once
and
for
all
只此一次;
above
all
最重要的;
first
of
all
首先;
all
in
all
大体上说;
be all in
累极了;
all but
几乎。
41. allow for
(
=take into
consideration
,
take into
account
)
考虑到
42. amount to
(
=to be equal
to
)
总计,
等于。
43. answer
for
(
undertake
responsibility for
,
be
liable for
)
对…负责。
44. answer
to
(
=conform
to
)
适合,符合。
45. be
anxious about
为…焦急不安;
或
anxious for
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46. apologize to sb. for sth.
为…向…道歉
47. appeal
to sb. for sth.
为某事向某人呼吁。
appeal to sb.
对某人有吸引力
48. apply to sb. for sth.
为…向…申请
;
apply
for
申请;
apply to
适用。
49. apply to
与…有关;适用
50.
approve of
(
=consent
to
,
be
in favor
of
,
favor
,
agree
to
,
consider
good
,
right
)
赞成,
approve vt.
批准
51. arise
from
(
=be caused
by
)
由…引起。
52. arrange
for . to do sth.
安排…做…
53. arrive on
到达;
arrive at
到达某地(小地方)
;
arrive
in
到达某地(大地方)
54.
be ashamed of
(
= guilt or
sorrow because of sth. done
)
以… 为耻
55. assure
sb of sth.
(
=try to cause to
believe or trust in
sth.
)向…保证
56. att
ach
(
to
)
(
=to
fix
,
fasten
;
join
)
缚,
系
,结
57. make an
attempt at doing sth.
(
to do
sth.
)
试图做…
58.
attend
to
(
=give
one's
attention
,
care
and
thought
)
注意,
照顾;
attend
on
(
upon
)
(
=wait
upon
,
serve
,
look
after
)
侍候,照料
59.
attitude to toward …对…的态度。看法
60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to
be the result of…)把……归因于……,
认
为……是……的结果
61. on
the average
(
=on
average
,
on an
average
)
平均
62.
(
be
)
aware of
(
=be conscious
of
)意识到,知道。
63. at
the back of
(
=behind
< br>)
在…后面
64. in the back of
在…后部(里面)
;
on the
back of
在…后部(外面)
;
65. at one's
back
(
=supporting or favoring
sb.
)
支持,维护
66. turn
one's back on sb.
不理睬(某人)
,背弃,抛弃
67. behind one's back
背着某人(说坏话)
68. be
based on upon
基于
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69. on the
basis of
根据…,
在…基础上
70. beat…at
在…运动项目上打赢
71. begin with
以…开始。
to begin with
(
=first of
all
)
首先
72. on behalf
of
(
=as the representative
of
)
以…名义
73. believe
in
(
=have faith or trust
in
)
相信,依赖,信仰。
74.
benefit
(
from
)
受益,得到好处。
75. for
the benefit of
为了…的利益(好处)
76. for the better
好转
77. get the
better of
(
=defeat
sb.
)
打败,
胜过。
78. by birth
在出生上,按血统
at birth
在出生时;
give birth to
出生
79. blame sb.
for sth.
因…责备某人
. blame sth.
on sb.
把…推在某人身上
80. be in
blossom
开花(强调状态)
come into
blossom
开花(强调动作)
81. on board
到船上,
在船上,
上火车或飞机
82. boast
of
(
or
about
)
吹嘘
83. out of
breath
喘不过气来
84.
in brief
(
=in as few words as
possible
)简言之
85.
in bulk
成批地,不散装的
86. take the floor
起立发言
87. on
business
出差办事。
88. be busy with
sth.
于某事
. be busy doing sth.
忙于做某事
89. last
but one
倒数第二。
90.
but for
(
=without
)
要不是。
表示假设
语法:
形容词与副词的比较级
形容词常用于修饰名词,说明该词的性质、特征等。它在句中主
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要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,如:
The primitive language of
signs is not always very clear.
(定
语)原始语言手势的意思并非总是很清楚的。
Groups
of
new,
modern
buildings
have
sprung
up
along
the
river.<
/p>
(定语)一群群新的现代建筑沿江拔地而起。
The football game was
marvelous.
(表语)足球赛精彩极了。
I'm sorry that I'm
late.
(表语)
对不起,我迟到了。
Don't leave the door open,
please.
(宾补)
请不要将门敞着。
He spent three days in the snow, cold
and hungry.
(状语)
他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了两天。
这里我们先讨论在使用形容词和副词时应注意什么,
以免犯那些
常见
的错误。
1.
有些形相似、义相别的词
如:
alone
(独自地)
lonely
(孤独的)
alive
(活的)
living
(活生生的)
lively
(活跃的)
blooming
(花正开的)
booming
(繁荣的)
credible
(可靠的)
creditable
(高贵的)
considerable
(应考虑的;相当多的)
considerate
(体贴人的)
desirous
(想望的)
desirable
(合意的)
efficient
(有效力的)
sufficient
(足够的)
exhaustive
(彻底的)
exhausting
(使人筋疲力尽的)
healthy
(健壮的)
healthful
(有益健康的)
healthily
(旺盛
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地;相当大地)
honorable
(荣誉的)
honorary
(名誉的)
historic
(历史性的)
historical
(历史上的)
imaginative
(
富于想象力的)
imaginable
可想象到的)
imaginary
(想象的)
industrial
(工业的)
industrious
(勤勉的)
legible
(易读的)
eligible
(合格的)
later
(较迟的)
latter
(后者的)
likely
(可能的)
likable
(可爱的)
respectful
(有礼貌的)
respective
(各自的)
respectable
(可尊敬的)
respecting
(说到、关于)
2. -ly
结尾的形容词
在英文里,有些形容词是以
-ly
结
尾的,不要误认为是副词。这
类词常见的有:
brotherly
(友爱的)
deadly
(致命的)
earthly
(世俗的)
friendly
(友好的)
likely
(可能的)
leisurely
(空闲的)
lovely
(可爱
的)
manly
(男子
气概的)
weekly
(每周一次的)
yearly
(每年一
次的)
3.
行
为动词作系动词用时,
后面要接行容词作表语。
在英语动词中,
有一部分行为动词可用作连系动词,
后面应接形容词作表语,<
/p>
不要误
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用副词。这类常用作系动词的行为动词有下面几种情况:
A.
表示
变
成某种状态
的动词:
become
,
come
,
fall
,
get
,
grow
,
make , prove , run ,turn , turn
out
例如:
Our
country becomes stronger and stronger.
我们的国家越
来越强大。
Milk is liable to turn bad in summer
.
夏天,牛奶容易变质。
The child fell asleep .
孩子睡着了。
Our holidays come near .
我们的假期临近。
B.
表示
保
持某种状态
的动词:
continue , hold , keep , lie ,
remain ,
rest , sit , stand , stay
如:
The weather continued cold
.
天气持续寒冷。
Hold
still .
不要动。
Keep still while I photograph you
.
我给你照相时,请不要
乱动。
They remained quiet when
they listened to the story
.
他
们听故事时一直很安静。
C.
表示
感觉
的动词:
appear
,
feel
,
look
,
seem
,
smell
,
sound
,
taste
例如:
She appeared happy at the good news.
她听到这好消息时显
得很高兴。
Silk feels soft.
绸子摸起来很软。
He looks unwell today
.
他今天看上去相似身体不适。
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I am sure
that the soup tastes good.
形容词与副词的比较等级
同级比较往
往由
形容词
/
副词的原形
+ as
的句式表达;<
/p>
当然也要注意它的否定形式、以及在第一个
as
< br>前加倍数或程度副词
的情况。
比较级
+
than
引导不同级的比较。
比较级<
/p>
前同样可以加倍
数或程度副词。另外
p>
和
B
一样不……<
/p>
形容词的最高级前一般必须有定冠词
t
he
;但是也有不加定冠词
the
的几
种情况。
要注意几种比较级的特殊句型,如:
+
比较级…,
the
+
比
较级……
越……越……<
/p>
比较级
+
and
+
比较级
< br>
意思是
越来越…
英文中的形容词和副词一般都有三种级的形式即:原级(
The
Positive
Degree
)<
/p>
,
比较级
(
Th
e
Comparative
Degree
< br>)
和最高级
(
The
Superlative
Degree
)
。
同级比较中有两种情况:
1
)表示双方情况
一模一样
,用
as +
原级
+
as
的结构;
表示双方情况
不(那么)一样
,用<
/p>
not so / as +
原级
+
as
的结构。
在这两种结构中,
第一个
as
是副词,
而第二个
as
是连词;
在第二个
as<
/p>
的后面接名词、句子或代词的主格(一般不要接代词
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的宾格)
。例如:
My parcel is as heavy as yours .
我的包裹与他的一样沉。
Arther calculates as accurately as a ca
lculator.
阿瑟象计
算器一样计算精确。
His bedroom is not as
neat as his sister's.
他的寝室没有
他姐姐的整洁。
It is not so hot as yesterday.
今天不象昨天那么热。
I
can't speak English as fast as a native speaker.
我说英文没有以英语为母语的人说得快。
2
)另外,在
as … as 的结构
中,第一个
as
的前面可以加上表示倍
数的词、
或是某些副词修饰语:
twice
,
(
three
)
times
,
nearly
,
almost ,
just , exactly , not nearly
(根本不)
, by no
means
(绝不)
, quite
等等。例如:
Asia is
four tomes as large as Europe.
亚洲有欧洲的四倍
大
(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
。
James is not nearly as tall as Robert.
詹姆斯根本没有罗伯
特高。
Cast iron is almost as useful as steel.
铸铁差不多与钢一
样有作用。
She hasn't been quite so unlucky as she
pretends.
她还没有象她常装出的那样不幸。
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3
)
在
as
…
as 的结构中,我们还常见这样两种句型:
as
much
+
不
可数名词
+ as
和
as many +
复数可数名词
+ as
。例如:
She
spread
as
much
butter
on
her
bread
as
Jane
usually
does.
她在面包上涂的黄油与琼通常涂的一样多。
He
has
learned
as
many
English
words
as
his
brother
(has
)
.
他已学了和他哥哥一样多的英文单字。
4
)
不同级
的比较主要用表示于人与人、
事物与事物之间不同之处的
比较,
其意义为
比
B
更(怎么样)一些
。常用的结构是比较
级
+ than
。例如:
They worked even harder than they
promised.
他们工作得比
他们答应的还要卖力。
This street is narrower than that one.
这条街比那条街窄
一些。
5)
在比较级
+ than
的结构前可以
加上某些副词类和表示倍数的词,
以对其进行修饰,如:
far
(远)
,
even
(甚至)
,
much
(许多)
p>
,
still
(更,还)
< br>,
a
lot
(许多)
,
a little
/ bit
(一点)
,
rather
(相当地)
,
slightly
(略微)
,
not
any
(不再)
,
three
time
s
…(三倍、……)
,等等。例如:
This book is far more interesting than
that one.
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这本书比那一本有趣多了。
You've been working much harder than I
have.
你一直比我工作得努力多了。
She came even earlier than I asked (him
to).
她来得甚至比我叫她来的时间还要早。
6)
比较级中的两个特殊作用的结构是:
The
+
比较级
+
句子,
the
+
比较级
+
句子
。和
比较级
+ and +
比较级
。前一个句型结构
表示的意义是
越(怎么样就)越(怎么样)
,在这个结构中的
两个
比较级
不要求一定词性相同,它们各
自的词性要依句子的
需要而定;后一个句型结构表示的意义是
<
/p>
越来越(怎么样)
,
在这个结构中的两个
比较级
p>
则要求词性相同。例如:
The
harder
you
work
at
your
study,
the
better
academic
records
you will have.
你学习越努力,你的成绩就越好。
The more we have, the more we want.
人欲无穷。
When winter
is coming , it gets colder and colder
.
冬天来
临之际,天越来越冷了。
He became less and less satisfied with
the football team's
performance.
他对足球队的表现越来越不满意了。
7)
没有比较对象的比较结构。所
谓没有比较对象的比较结构不是指
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省略而言,而是指并非真正的比较。例如:
The car runs faster than
110 miles.
那辆车时速为
110
< br>多英
里。
There is
more than one solution to the problem.
这个问题
的解决办法不止一个。
The daily cost in an average hospital
in the United States
can run as high as
$$250 .
在美国普通医院的每天的费用可高达
250
美元。
8)
用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。在这种情况下,往往
是将一
个人或是一件事与其他所有的人或事相比较。做这种句子时有一
< br>点要特别注意
--
别忘了常在比较状语中
any ,other , else
类的
字眼,以将
比较主体排除在比较对象以外,因为自己不可以与自
己相比较。
例如:
He is taller than anyone else in our
class.
他在我们班比
其他任何都高。
Iron is more useful than any other
metals.
铁比其他任何
金属更有作用。
9) no +
比较级
+ than
的结构表示
p>
和
B
一样不……<
/p>
She runs no faster than her
sister.
她与她妹妹一样跑不快。
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v1.0
可编辑可修改
Tom is no
wiser than John.
汤姆和约翰一样没有聪明才智。
He
is no richer than his brother.
他与他弟弟一样不富有。
10)
比较和倍数的表达方法:
在表达一方是另一方的若干倍时,
常
用如下表达方式:
(
1
)
“……
倍数+
as
+
adj
.
/
adv<
/p>
.
(原级)
+
as……”,在两个
as
之间可用
p>
many
(修饰可数名词)
,
much
(修饰不可数名词)和其它相应的词。
(<
/p>
2
)
“……倍数+
adj
.
/
adv
< br>.
(比较级)
+than……”
(
3
)
“……
倍数+
the size
/
heig
ht
/
length
/
weight
/
width
/depth……+
of
+
the
+名词”。
1
、
There are more than twice ______ five years
ago.
A. as many books as
B. many books as
在下句中
twice as
many...as
前后要一致,
more than
修饰
twice.
2
、
We are eating
_______ vegetables per person today as they did in
1910
.
A
.
more than twice
B
.
as
twice as many
C
.
twice as many
as
D
.
more than twice
as many
3
、
After the new
technique was introduced
,
the
factory produced
__
tractors
in
1988 as the year
before
.
A
.
as twice many
B
.
as
many twice
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